AŞIRI SAĞIN YÜKSELİŞİ: RESME KÜRESEL PERSPEKTİFTEN BAKMAK

Son çeyrek asır içinde yapılan seçimlerde aşırı sağ partiler sistematik ve istikrarlı bir biçimde yükseliş eğilimindedir. Öte yandan aşırı sağ partiler bazı ülkelerde yükselirken diğer bazılarında farklı bir seyir izlemektedir: ya hiç prim yapmamakta veya önce yükselip sonra iniş eğilimine girmekte ya da dalgalı bir patika izlemektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle, çalışmanın ana argümanı; aşırı sağ partilerin güç kazanmasını açıklayan en önemli parametrenin, küresel ekonomik sistemdeki değişim ve dönüşümlerle beraber küreselleşmenin toplumsal dokularda ve kültürel alanda yarattığı tahribat ile ilgili olduğu şeklindedir. Aşırı sağı besleyen başlıca olay ve olgular son on yılda gözlemlenen ekonomik durgunluk ve genç işsizliği, artan şiddet ve terör olayları, göçmen dalgasının dünyayı sarmasıyla tetiklenen milliyetçilik ve popülizm gibi faktörlerdir. Bu makalede, Peter Gourevitch tarafından uluslararası ilişkiler disiplinine kazandırılan “ikinci düzeye tersten bakış” metaforundan yararlanılmaktadır. Bu teorik modelin desteği ile aşırı sağ partilerin yükselişinin küresel dinamiklerle başarılı bir şekilde ilişkilendirilebileceği tezi savunulmaktadır. Gourevitch’e göre, merkezi bir devletin var olmadığı küresel sistemde oluşan dev dalgaların devletlere ve toplumlara doğru nüfuz etmesi kaçınılmazdır. Böylelikle aşırı sağ siyasi oluşumların gelişim ve kurumsallaşmasının anlaşılması kolaylaşacaktır. Ayrıca, aşırı sağın yükselişindeki temel sebep-sonuç ilişkisinin doğru biçimde ortaya konulması ile daha sağlıklı siyasi sistemlerin hem devletler bazında hem de küresel yönetişimde tesis edilebilmesi kolaylaşacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Aşırı Sağ, Küreselleşme, Küresel Yönetişim, Müslüman Karşıtlığı, Uluslararası İlişkiler

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