Kolektif Bellek: İki Farklı Kültür

Kolektif belleğin neresi kolektif? Kolektif bellekle ilgili iki farklı kavram birbiriyle yarışıyor; bunlardan biri toplumsal bir çerçeve içinde yer alan bireysel belleklerin bir potada toplanmasını, diğeri ise kendine özgü toplumsal bir olguyu ifade eder. Ancak bu ikisi arasındaki fark konuyla ilgili yazına nadiren dâhil edilir. Bu makale kolektif belleğin bireysel ve toplumsal kavranışları arasındaki fark ve ilişki üzerine bir kuramsallaştırma çabasıdır. Bu anlayışlardan ilki nörolojik ve bilişsel faktörlerle birlikte psikolojik etkenleri dikkate almakta, ancak hem beyin haricindeki bellek teknolojilerini hem de bilişsel ve hatta nörolojik yolların kısmen içinde oluştuğu toplumsal süreçleri bir kenarda bırakmaktadır. İkincisi ise, kamusal ve kişisel belleğin toplumsal ve kültürel örüntüler haline gelme biçimlerine vurgu yapsa da, bunların kısmen psikolojik dinamiklerle meydana gelmesinin hangi yollarla mümkün olduğu konusunu göz ardı etmektedir. Bu makale travmatik olay örnekleri üzerinden giderek bireyselci ve kolektif yaklaşımlar arasındaki olası uzlaşmaya yeni ve çok-boyutlu bir strateji getirmeyi önermektedir.

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Collective Memory: The Two Cultures

What is collective about collective memory? Two different concepts of collective memory compete—one refers to the aggregation of socially framed individual memories and one refers to collective phenomena sui generis—though the difference is rarely articulated in the literature. This article theorizes the differences and relations between individualist and collectivist understandings of collective memory. The former are open to psychological considerations, including neurological and cognitive factors, but neglect technologies of memory other than the brain and the ways in which cognitive and even neurological patterns are constituted in part by genuinely social processes. The latter emphasize the social and cultural patternings of public and personal memory, but neglect the ways in which those processes are constituted in part by psychological dynamics. This article advocates, through the example of traumatic events, a strategy of multidimensional rapprochement between individualist and collectivist approaches.

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