Ağaç malzemenin sıkıştırılarak yoğunlaştırılması konusunda yapılan çalışmalar

Ağaç malzeme endüstrisi dünya ekonomisinde çok önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Ağaç ve ağaç kökenli malzemeler birçok olumlu özelliği nedeniyle uzun süredir birçok uygulamalarda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Doğal görüntüsü sebebiyle tercih edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte ağaç malzemenin bazı olumsuz özellikleri de bulunmaktadır. Ağaç malzeme genellikle yüksek fiziksel ve mekaniksel özellikler gerektiren kullanım alanlarında çok yumuşak ve zayıf olabilmektedir. Yoğunluğu artırılmış ağaç malzeme diğer yapısal malzemelere alternatif olarak kullanılabilmektedir. Son yıllarda çevresel duyarlılığın artması sonucu ağaç malzemeyi biyolojik bozunmaya karşı koruyan ve boyutsal stabilitesini arttıran çevreye zararsız yeni yöntemler geliştirilmiştir. Bunlar; Termo-Mekanik (TM), Termo- Higro-Mekanik (THM), Termo-Vibro-Mekanik (TVM) yoğunlaştırma ve Viskoelastik-Termal-Sıkıştırma (VTC) şeklinde sıralanabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada 2004-2021 yılları arasında yapılan ağaç malzemenin sıkıştırılarak yoğunlaştırılması ile ilgili çalışmalar incelenmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Literatürde geçen çalışmalar öz olarak tablo halinde verilmiştir. Sıkıştırılarak yoğunlaştırmada yoğunluk artışına bağlı olarak fiziksel ve mekanik özellikler iyileşmekte, yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve ıslanabilirlik azalmakta, sertlik artmakta, olumsuz bir durum olarak geri esneme meydana gelebilmektedir.

Studies of densification of wood material by compression

Wood products industry plays a very important role in the world economy. Wood and wood based materials have long been commonly used for many applications because of their many excellent features. Wood material, having a natural surface image is preferred. However, wood also suffers a number of disadvantages. Wood material can be very soft and weak in use that generally requires high physical and mechanical properties. Densified wood material can be used as an alternative to other structural materials. Due to the increase in environmental sensitivity, new environmentally friendly alternative methods have been developed that protect the wood material against biological degradation and increase its dimensional stability. These; Thermo-Mechanical (TM), Thermo-Hygro-Mechanical (THM), Thermo-Vibro-Mechanical (TVM) densification and Viscoelastic-Thermal-Compression (VTC). Studies on densifying by compressing wood material between 2004-2021 were examined and evaluated in this study. Studies in the literature are given in a table. Physical and mechanical properties improve, surface roughness and wettability decrease, hardness increases, and spring back may occur as a negative situation depending on an increase in density by compression.

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