Köken Tartışmaları Ekseninde Katarlara Dair Tarih Yazımındaki Güncel Paradigma Değişikliği

Katarlara dair tarih yazımı her ne kadar XIII. yüzyılda başlamışsa da yoğunluk ve ivme kazanması ancak XIX. yüzyıldan sonraya tekabül etmektedir. Katarların tarihindeki gizem zaman zaman ideolojik bakış açılarına imkân vermiş ve bu yaklaşımlar süreç içerisinde birçok safhaya evrilmiştir. 1950’ler öncesi yapılan akademik çalışmalarda, Katarların Maniheist kökenli olduğu ve bu öğretinin IX. yüzyılda Anadolu’da Pavlikenler, X. yüzyılda ise Balkanlar'da Bogomiller üzerinden Güney Fransa ve Kuzey İtalya Katarlarına geldiği tezi savunulmaktadır. Ancak bu düşüncenin artık terkedilmeye yüz tuttuğunu söylemek mümkündür. Günümüzde, Katarların tarihte hiç var olmayıp Katoliklerin icat ettikleri hayali bir düşman olabileceğini savunan “septik yaklaşım” ortaya çıkmıştır. Bununla beraber Katar tarihçilerinin “septikler” ve “gelenekselciler” olarak ikiye ayrıldığını da görmekteyiz. Bu makalenin amacı, “güncel” paradigma olarak adlandıracağımız, Maniheist kökeni reddetmekle birlikte septik görüşü de birçok noktada eleştiren yeni bir kategori teklif etmektir. Bu amaçla makale, konu etrafında gelişen literatürde tartışılan bu iki kategorinin ne kadar yeterli olduğu meselesini tarihçilerin mutabık kaldıkları ve ayrıştıkları noktaları analiz edip yorumlayarak ortaya koymaya çalışacaktır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Katarlar, Bogomiller, Pavlikenler, Düalizm, Katarlar tarih yazımı, Hıristiyan Heresisi

Current Paradigm Shift in the Cathars' Historiography on the Axis of Debate of the Origin

Although historical writings on Cathars' date back to the Catholic scholars in the 13th century, it is only in 19th century that a dramatical increase took place on this subject. The mystery of the Cathars has undergone significant changes over the years and allowed for different ideological point of views to prevail at various periods. Cathars' Manichaean origin was perceived as the dominant view for many years in Cathar studies. This perspective, which we call the traditional view, claims that the dualist doctrine, which started with Manichaeism, reached the Cathars of Northern Italy and Southern France through the Paulicians in Anatolia in the 9th century and the Bogomils in the Balkans in the 10th century. This view seems to have been abandoned after the 1950s. Recently, a new trend, known as the “skeptic” view, has emerged whose supporters speculate that the Cathars may have never existed in history and could be an imaginary enemy invented by the Catholics. Contemporary historians of Cathars are divided into two: "traditional" and "skeptic." The purpose of this article is to propose a new category, "the contemporary view," which questions the Eastern connections of the Cathars on the one hand and criticizes the “skeptical view” on the other by considering the sufficiency of these two categories and the points on which historians agree and disagree

Keywords:

Cathars, Bogomils, Paulicians, Cathar Historiography, Dualism, Christian Heresy,

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