Çörek Otu’nun (Nigella sativa) Biyolojik ve Farmakolojik Özellikleri

Ranunculaceae familyasının bir üyesi olan Nigella sativa, Güney Avrupa ve Batı Asya’da doğal olarak yetişen ve dünyanın birçok bölgesinde kültive edilen tek yıllık bir bitkidir. Dünya mutfaklarında baharat olarak kullanılmasının yanı sıra binlerce yıldır Unani, Ayurveda, Siddha ve Tıbb-ı Nebevî gibi Geleneksel Tıp Sistemleri’nde kullanılan ve kutsallık atfedilen bu şifâlı bitki günümüzde de gastrointestinal rahatsızlıklar, cilt hastalıkları, diyabet ve kanser hastalıklarında ve ayrıca kozmetik amaçlar ile saç dökülmesine karşı ve yaşlanma karşıtı cilt bakımında kullanılmaktadır. Yaygın kullanımına rağmen, tıbbî amaçlı kullanılan Çörek Otu (Nigella sativa) bitkisi sıklıkla belirgin bir özellik olarak dikenimsi çanak yaprakları olan ve süs bitkisi olarak kullanılan Şam Çörek Otu (Nigella damascena) bitkisi ile karıştırılmaktadır; ki bu karışıklık maalesef bilimsel literatürde de söz konusudur. Bu çalışma ile Nigella türlerinin doğru tanınması ve tanımlanması amacıyla bir farkındalık oluşturmak, Nigella sativa’nın içerdiği timokinon, p-simen, karvakrol, timol ve trans-anetol gibi biyoaktif fitokimyasalların farmakolojik etkilerini özetlemek ve ayrıca son yıllarda yapılan araştırmaların değerlendirilmesi hedeflenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Nigella sativa, Nigella damascena, Botanik, Farmakoloji

Biological and Pharmacological Properties of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa)

Nigella sativa, a member of the Ranunculaceae family, is an annual herb that grows naturally in Southern Europe and Western Asia and is cultivated in many parts of the world. In addition to being used as a spice in world cuisines, this medicinal plant, which has been used for thousands of years in Traditional Medicine Systems such as Unani, Ayurveda, Siddha and prophetic medicine aṭ-Tibb an-Nabawī and attributed to holiness, is still used in gastrointestinal disorders, skin diseases, diabetes and cancer diseases, and also for cosmetic purposes such as anti-hair loss and anti-aging skin care. Despite its widespread use, the Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) plant, which is used for medicinal purposes, is often confused with the Love-in-a-mist (Nigella damascena) plant, which has thorny sepals as a distinctive feature and is used as an ornamental plant; unfortunately, this confusion also exists in the scientific literature. With this study, it was aimed to raise awareness for the correct knowledge and identification of Nigella species, to summarize the pharmacological effects of bioactive phytochemicals such as thymoquinone, p-cymene, carvacrol, thymol and trans-anethole contained in Nigella sativa, and also to evaluate the studies conducted in recent years.

Keywords:

Nigella sativa, Nigella damascena, Botany, Pharmacology,

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