Perovskit Güneş Hücreleri ve Kararsızlık Problemleri

Elektrik enerjisinin doğaya zarar vermeden ve sürdürülebilir bir formda üretimini sağlamak gelecek nesillerimiz için bir zorunluluktur. Bu bağlamda yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları sürdürülebilir bir kaynaktır. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları arasında en potansiyeli yüksek kaynak ise güneştir. Literatürde en yaygın olarak çalışılan güneş hücreleri ise Silisyum tabanlı güneş hücreleridir. Ancak Silisyum tabanlı güneş hücrelerinin üretimi zor ve maliyetlidir. Bu olumsuzlukları ortadan kaldırmak için literatürde organik güneş hücreleri üzerine çalışmalar yapıldığı görülmektedir. Ancak organik güneş hücrelerinin piyasada bulunan Silisyum tabanlı güneş hücrelerine göre Güç Enerji Dönüşümü (PCE) değerleri çok düşüktür. Aynı zamanda organik tabanlı güneş hücreleri silisyum tabanlı güneş hücreleri ile karşılaştırıldığında daha kararsız olduğu gözlenmektedir. Organik güneş hücresi ailesi literatüründe üzerine çalışmalar yapılmaya devam edilmekte olan önemli konulardan birisi de Perovskit güneş hücreleridir. Perovskit güneş hücreleri ilk üretimlerinden (~2009) çok kısa bir zaman sonrasında (~2015) PCE değeri ~%20’leri geçerek silisyum tabanlı hücreler ile karşılaştırılabilir duruma gelmiştir. Ancak Perovskit güneş hücresi üretimden sonra kararsızlık problemi yaşamaktadır. Üretimi kolay, maliyeti düşük ve doğa dostu bir ürün olan Perovskit güneş hücreleri kararsızlık problemlerinin aşılmasından sonra gelecekte ticari güneş hücresi olma potansiyeli yüksek bir malzemedir. Bu çalışmada Perovskit güneş hücrelerinin ilk üretiminden günümüze kadar geçen sürede özellikle kararsızlık problemleri üzerine literatürde yayınlanan çalışmaların bir derlemesi hazırlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Perovskit güneş hücreleri, Kararsızlık problemi, Spin kaplama tekniği, Termal buharlaştırma tekniği, İki adımlı daldırarak kaplama tekniği, İki adımlı daldırarak kaplama tekniği

Perovskite Solar Cells and Instability Problems

It is a necessity for our generations to produce electricity in a sustainable form that does not damage nature. In this context, renewable energy sources are a sustainable resource. The most potentially high source of renewable energy sources is the sun. The most commonly studied solar cells in the literature are silicon-based solar cells. However, the production of silicon-based solar cells is difficult and costly. To overcome these obstacles, it is seen that studies have been made on organic solar cells in the literature. However, the Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) values are very low compared to the silicon-based solar cells in the organic solar cells market. At the same time, organic-based solar cells are more unstable compared to silicon-based solar cells. One of the important issues that continue to be studied in the organic solar cell family literature is Perovskite solar cells. Perovskite solar cells have become comparable to silicon-based cells by passing ~ 20% of the PCE value in a very short time (~ 2015) from their initial production (~ 2009). However, Perovskite encounters a problem of instability after solar cell production. Perovskite, an easy-to-produce, cost-effective and environmentally friendly product, is a potentially high-value material to become a commercial solar cell in the future after the problems of instability in solar cells have been overcome. This study consists of a compilation of the studies published in the literature on the problems of instability especially during the period from the first production of Perovskite solar cells to the present day.

Keywords:

Perovskite solar cells, Instability problem, Spin coating technique, Thermal evaporation technique, Two step dip coating technique,

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