Sağlık Kurumlarında Değişen Paradigmalar ve İyileştiren Hastane Kavramının Mimari Tasarım Açısından İrdelenmesi

Son yıllarda bütün dünyada, sağlık sektöründe önemli değişimler yaşanmaya başlanmıştır. İyileştiren hastane tasarımı ve akreditasyon konularındaki çalışmaların, sağlık sektöründe gün geçtikçe hız kazandığı gözlemlenmektedir. Makalede, hastane tasarımını etkileyen paradigmaların, yeni yaklaşım ve anlayışların neler olduğu ve bunların hastane tasarımlarına olası yansımaları incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, hastane binaları ve çevrelerinin hasta sağlığına etkileri anlatılmıştır. Hastanelerin, hergün başvurulan kurumlar haline gelmeleri ve iyileşmeye fiziksel yapılarıyla katkı sağlayan birer yapı olmaları için sahip olmaları gereken özellikler ortaya konmuştur. Bu bağlamda, gerek fiziksel özellikleriyle iyileşme sürecine katkıda bulunabilen, gerekse toplumu sağlıklı zamanlarında da kendilerine yönlendirebilme becerisiyle donatılmış olan ‘iyileştiren hastane’ kavramı, iyileştiren hastanelerde kullanıcı katılımı ve günümüzde oldukça önemli bir kavram olan hasta-merkezli tasarımın özellikleri ve hastanelerde kalite kavramı incelenmiştir. Hastane tasarımı için oluşturulan ölçütlerin; mekan standartları ve teknik detayların yanında, çevresel standartlar ve kalite konularını da içermesi gerekmektedir. Son yıllarda dünyada gittikçe önem kazanan ve ülkemizde de gelecekte önemini daha fazla hissedeceğimiz bir konu olan hastane akreditasyonu, hastane tasarımının kalitesinde de büyük rol oynayacaktır. Hastane kalitesinde inkar edilemez bir rolü olan hasta odaklı hastane tasarım kriterlerinin; yakın zamanda akreditasyon standartlarına gerektiği ölçüde dahil olması gerekliliği görülmektedir. Hastane binaları, hasta-merkezli bir anlayışla, yaşam ve bakım kalitesini yükseltmeli, hasta sağlığını doğrudan ve olumlu etkileyecek çözümler sunmalı ve kabul görmüş akreditasyon standartlarına uygunluğuyla güvenilir olmalıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler:

kalite

Examination of Changing Pradigms and Healing Hospital Concept in Healthcare Facilities with Regard to Architectural Design

In the recent years, significant changes have started to occure in the healthcare sector. Developments in the area of healing hospital design and accreditation have been accelerating. In the paper, the probable reflections of the new paradigms, approaches and insights that effect hospital design have been examined. Furthermore, the effects of hospital buildings and environments on patient well-being are described. The properties that hospitals should have in order to become buildings that are used for everyday purposes and contribute to the healing process with their physical characteristics are put forward. In this context, the ‘healing hospital’ concept, not only contributing to healing process, but also armed with the ability to pull the society to itself in healthy times, user contribution in healing hospitals, the properties of patient-focused design and quality concept are examined. The criteria developed for hospital design have to include environmental standards and quality issues, together with the spatial standards and technical details. Hospital accreditation subject that has been gaining importance in the recent years will play a significant role in hospital quality in the future. The patient-focused design criteria should be included to the accreditation standarts immediately. Hospital buildings have to raise the life and care quality, offer solutions that will be able to affect the patient well-being directly and be trusted with its compatibility to the accreditation standarts with a patient-focused mind.
Keywords:

quality,

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