Siyah Alaca ve Simental ineklerde damızlıkta kalma süresi, sürüden çıkarma nedenleri ve süt verim özellikleri üzerine bir araştırma

Son yıllarda süt sığırı yetiştiricileri, Holstein ırkı ineklere göre daha düşük süt verimli olmalarına rağmen daha yüksek damızlıkta kalma süresi ve daha düşük hastalık insidansı gibi nedenlerle Simental ırkı inekleri tercih etmektedirler. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmanın amacı, söz konusu tercihin doğruluğunu araştırmak için iki ırk arasında, damızlıkta kalma süresi, sürüden çıkarma nedenleri ve bazı süt verim özelliklerini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada kullanılan tüm veriler Bursa Karacabey TİGEM işletmesinde 2015-2016 yıllarında sürüden çıkartılan hayvanların kayıtlarından elde edilmiştir. Damızlıkta kalma süresi Siyah Alaca inekler için 33.6±1.08 ay ve Simental inekler için 33.7±1.21 ay olarak bulunmuştur. Ortalama laktasyon süt verimi (LSV), 305 gün süt verimi (LSV305) ve sağılan gün sayısı (SGS), Siyah Alaca inekler için sırasıyla; 8515.63±196.507 kg, 7517.98±148.289 kg ve 403.75±9.575 gün, Simental inekler için, 6079.75±163.126 kg, 5525.71±117.931 kg and 351.40±8.559 gün bulunmuştur. İki ırk arasında damızlıkta kalma süresi ve sürüden çıkarma nedenleri arasındaki fark önemli bulunmazken, laktasyon süt veriminin Siyah Alacalarda Simentallere göre daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak yerel şartlarda süt sığırı yetiştiricileri için doğru ırk seçiminin Siyah Alaca olduğu söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Damızlıkta kalma süresi, Süt verimi, Sürüden çıkarma, Süt sığırı yetiştiriciliği

A research on longevity, culling reasons and milk yield traits in between Holstein and Simmental cows

In recent years, dairy cattle breeders prefer Simental cows due to higher breeding time and lower incidence of disease, although they have lower milk yield than Holstein cows. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate longevity, the culling reason and some milk yield traits in between the two breeds to investigate the accuracy of this preference. All data that used were collected from herd (Bursa–Karacabey state farm) records belongs to culling cows in two years (2015-2016) and analysed. Longevity for Holstein and Simmental cows were determined 33.6±1.08 month and 33.7±1.21 month. Average lactation milk yield (LMY), 305 days milk yield (305-dMY) and days in milk (DIM), were found to be 8515.63±196.507 kg, 7517.98±148.289 kg and 403.75±9.575 days respectively for Holstein cows and 6079.75±163.126 kg, 5525.71±117.931 kg and 351.40±8.559 days for Simental cows. While the differences between two breeds in terms of longevity and culling reasons were not significant, Holstein cows had higher milk yield than Simmental cows. As a conclusion, it can be said that Holstein cows is the best choice for dairy breeders in local circumstances.

Keywords:

Longevity, Milk yield, Culling, Dairy cow breeding,

PDF

___

Akkaş Ö, Şahin EH (2008) Some production parameters of Holstein cattle. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 1: 25-31.
Brickell JS, Wathes DC (2011) A descriptive study of the survival of Holstein-Friesian heifers through to third calving on English dairy farms. Journal of Dairy Science 94(4): 1831-1838.
Budimir D, Plavšić M, Popović-Vranješ A (2011) Production and reproduction characteristics of Sımmental and Holstein Friesian cows in Semberija area. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 27(3): 893-899.
Collier RJ, Beede DK, Thatcher WW, Israel LA, Wilcox CJ (1982) Influences of environment and its modification on dairy animal health and production. Journal of Dairy Science 65: 2213-2227.
Çilek S, Tekin ME (2005) Environmental factors affecting milk yield and fertility traits of Simmental cows raised at the Kazova State Farm and phenotypic correlations between these traits. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 29: 987-993.
Dobson H, Walker SL, Morris MJ, Routly JE, Smith RF (2008) Why is it getting more difficult to successfully artificially inseminate dairy cows? Animal 2(8): 1104–1111.
FAO (2017) Value of agricultural production data. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QV. Accessed 10 January, 2018.
Janžekovič M, Ocepek M, Virk T, Škorjanc D (2009) Comparison of longevity and production traits of Holstein and Simmental cows of different origin in Slovenia. Mljekarstvo 59(4): 336-342.
Kara NK, Koyuncu M, Tuncel E (2010) Longevity and reasons for culling in Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Animal Production 51(1): 16-20.
Koç A (2006) Lactation milk yields and somatic cell counts of Holstein Friesian and Brown-Swiss cattle reared in Aydın province. Journal of Animal Production 47(2): 1-8.
Koç A (2017) A Research on herd life of Holstein–Friesian, Red–Holstein and Simmental cows. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 14(2): 63-68.
Lucy MC (2001) Reproductive loss in high-producing dairy cattle: where will it end? Journal of Dairy Science 84: 1277–1293.
Miciński J, Maršálek M, Pogorzelska J, Vrbová A, Sobotka W, Zwierzchowski G, Matusevičius P (2014) The comparatıve analysıs of milk performance in Czech Pıed Cattle raısed in the Czech Republıc versus Polısh Holsteın-Frıesıan, Sımmental and Czech Pıed cattle raısed in Poland. Veterınarıja ir Zootechnıka 67(89): 75-80.
Neerhof HJ, Madsen P, Ducrocq VP, Vollema AR, Jensen J, Korsgaard IR (2000) Relationships between mastitis and functional longevity in Danish Black and White dairy cattle estimated using survival analysis. Journal of Dairy Science 83: 1064-1071.
Özkan M, Güneş H (2007) Researches on the milk production characteristics of Simmental cattle in commercial farms in Kayseri. İstanbul Üniveristesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 33(3): 17-30.
Perišić P, Skalicki Z, Petrović MM, Bogdanović V, Ružić- Muslić D (2009) Simmental cattle breed in different production systems. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 25(5-6): 315-326.
Powell RL, Vanraden PM, Wiggans GR (1997) Relationship between United States and Canadian genetic evaluations of longevity and somatic cell score. Journal of Dairy Science 80: 1807-1812.
Sewalem A, Miglior F, Kistemaker GJ, Sullivan P, Van Doormaal BJ (2008) Relationship between reproduction traits and functional longevity in Canadian dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 91: 1660–1668.
Toledo-Alvarado H, Cecchinato A, Bittante G (2017) Fertility traits of Holstein, Brown Swiss, Simmental, and Alpine Grey cows are differently affected by herd productivity and milk yield of individual cows. Journal of Dairy Science 100: 8220–8231.
Walsh SW, Williams EJ, Evans ACO (2011) A review of the causes of poor fertility in high milk producing dairy cows. Animal Reproduction Science 123: 127–138.
Yaylak E (2003) Reasons for culling, herd life and productive life in Holstein cows Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 16(2): 179- 185.
Yaylak E, Akbaş Y, Özsoy AN (2015) Crossbreeding of Holstein with some dairy cattle breeds and performance of crossbred cows. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 10(1): 97-106.