Antalya ilinde yetiştirilen çileklerde hastalığa neden olan fungal etmenler

Bu çalışmada, Antalya ilindeki çilek ekim alanlarında hastalığa neden olan fungal patojenlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla, ilde çilek yetiştiriciliğinin yapıldığı 8 ilçede, toplamda 28 farklı serada örnekleme yapılarak, toprak ve hastalıklı bitki örnekleri alınmıştır. Örneklerden yapılan izolasyonlar sonucunda 12 fungus cinsi belirlenmiştir. Topraktan yapılan izolasyonlarda %96.43 ile yaygınlık oranı en yüksek fungus Rhizoctonia solani olurken, %75 ile Fusarium spp. ve %35.71 ile Pythium sp. onu izlemiştir. Gliocladium roseum, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., Rhizopus stolonifer, Botrytis cinerea ve Verticillium sp. ise toprak örneklerinde düşük yaygınlık oranlarıyla bulunan diğer funguslar olmuştur. Yaprak örneklerinde Alternaria alternata %96.43 oranıyla en yaygın fungus olarak belirlenirken, %71.43 oranıyla Mycosphaerella fragariae onu izlemiş, Cladosporium cladosporioides’in yaygınlık oranı ise %3.57 olmuştur. Meyvelerden yapılan izolasyonlarda ise %85.71 oranıyla Botrytis cinerea en yaygın fungus olarak saptanmış, %35.71 ile Penicillium sp. ve %10.71 ile Aspergillus niger çürük meyvelerden izole edilen diğer funguslar olmuştur. Laboratuvar koşullarında yürütülen patojenite denemelerinde tüm funguslar kendilerine özgü belirtileri oluşturmuşlardır. Bu sonuçlara göre; Antalya ilinde yetiştirilen çileklerde A. alternata, M. fragariae ve B. cinerea en önemli patojenler olarak belirlenirken, R. solani, Fusarium spp., Pythium spp., Verticillium spp. gibi bazı toprak kökenli patojenlerin de ciddi kayıplara neden olabileceği ortaya konulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Fragaria X Ananassa Duch., Yaprak lekesi, Kök çürüklüğü, Solgunluk, Meyve çürüklüğü

Fungal agents causing disease on strawberries grown in Antalya province

The aim of this study was to determine the fungi causing disease in strawberry areas in Antalya province. In the study, 28 strawberry greenhouses from 8 districts were visited. Surveys were performed at two periods; first, two weeks after transplanting, and second one at the beginning of harvest period. In the greenhouses, samples were taken from the plants showing disease symptoms. As a result of isolations, fungi belonging to 12 genera were determined. From the soil samples, Rhizoctonia solani was the most common fungus with 96.43% prevalence rate and Fusarium spp. with 75% and Pythium sp. with 35.71% followed it. Gliocladium roseum, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., Rhizopus stolonifer, Botrytis cinerea and Verticillium sp. were the other fungi found in soil samples with low rates. Alternaria alternata was the most common fungus with the prevalence rate of 96.43%, while Mycosphaerella fragariae followed it with 71.43% and the prevalence rate of Cladosporium cladosporioides was 3.57% in the leaf samples. Botrytis cinerea was the most common fungus in the isolations from the fruit samples with 85.71% prevalence rate, and Penicillium sp. with 35.71% and Aspergillus niger with 10.71% were the other fungi isolated from the rotten fruits. In the pathogenicity tests, all fungi caused typical symptoms on healthy plants. According to these results, A. alternata, M. fragariae and B. cinerea were found as the most important pathogens of strawberries grown in Antalya, while some other soil borne pathogens like R. solani, Fusarium spp., Pythium spp., Verticillium spp. may also cause significant losses.

Keywords:

Fragaria X Ananassa Duch., Leaf spot, Root rot, Wilt, Fruit rot,

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