Multigravidas’ perceptions of traumatic childbirth: Its relation to some factors, the effect of previous type of birth and experience

To investigate the relationship between multigravidas’ perceptions of traumatic childbirth (PTC) and their socio-demographic characteristics and the effect of their previous types of birth and experiences on PTC. This descriptive study was conducted in a state hospital in Northern Turkey. The universe of the study consisted of multigravidas. The sample of the study comprised 161 pregnant women determined with G power analysis. The data were collected using the “Pregnant Introductory Information Form” and “Perception of Traumatic Childbirth Scale”. The age, gestational week and the number of pregnancy of the participants were 28.27 ± 5.13, 30.45 ± 7.71 and 1.94 ± 1.07 respectively. The average PTC score was 70.57 ± 21.89. 1.9%, 28.6%i 39.1% and 23.6% of the pregnant women perceived their birth as “very low”, “low”, “moderate” and as “high” traumatic respectively. There was a negative correlation between the average PTC score and the gestational age, the number of pregnancies and the duration of the adverse events and positive correlation between the average PTC score and the number of hospital visits during pregnancy (p

PDF

___

Yılmaz SD. Doğum. İçinde: Doğum Eylemi. Bal MD, Yılmaz SD. 1. Baskı, Akademisyen Kitabevi, Ankara, 2017:37-8.

İşbir GG, İnci F. Traumatic childbirth and nursing approaches KASHED, 2014;1(1):29-40.

Sydsjö G, Angerbjörn L, Palmquist S, Bladh M, Sydsjö A, Josefsson A. Secondary fear of childbirth prolongs the time to subsequent delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2013;92(2):210-4.

Stankovic B. Women’s experiences of childbirth in serbian public healthcare ınstitutions: a qualitative study. Int J Behav Med. 2017;24(6):803-14

Oweis A. Jordanian mother’s report of their childbirth experience: findings from a questionnaire survey. Int J Nurs Pract.2009;15(6):525-33.

Garthus-Niegel S, von Soest T, Vollrath ME, Eberhard-Gran M. The impact of subjective birth experiences on post-traumatic stress symptoms: a longitudinal study. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2013;16(1):1-10. Anderson CA. The Trauma of birth. Health Care Women Int. 2017;38(10):9991010.

Garthus Niegel S, Knoph C, Soest T, Nielsen CS, Eberhard Gran M. The role of labor pain and overall birth experience in the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms: a longitudinal cohort study. Birth. 2014;41(1):108-15.

Yalnız H, Canan F, Genç RE, Kuloğlu MA, Geçici Ö. Development of A Scale of Traumatic Childbirth Perception. Turkish Med J. 2016;8(3):81-8.

Aktaş S, Çalık KY. Ebelerin empati eğitimi alma dönemlerine göre annelerin doğumdan memnuniyet algılarının incelenmesi. 113S672 Nolu TÜBİTAK Proje Sonuç Raporu Kitabi (Proje Doktora Tez Danışmanı: Pasinlioğlu T). Trabzon, 2015;120-67.

Gökçe İsbİr G, İnci F, Bektaş M, Yıldız P, Ayers S. Risk factors associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms following childbirth in Turkey. Midwifery. 2016;41:96-103.

Modarres M, Afrasiabi S, Rahnama P, Montazeri A. Prevalence and risk factors of childbirth-related post-traumatic stress symptoms. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2012;12(1):88–93.

İşbir GG, İnci F, Önal H, Yıldız PD. The effects of antenatal education on fear of childbirth, maternal self-efficacy and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following childbirth: an experimental study. Appl Nurs Res. 2016;32:227-32.

Beck CT. Middle range theory of traumatic childbirth: the ever-widening ripple effect. Glob Qual Nurs Res. 2015:2:2333393615575313.

Aktaş S, Aydın R. Investigation of experiences of mothers about fundal pressure applications during labor: An Example Study of a mixed method . 3. İnternational 4. Natioanal Midwifery Congress, 22-24 Semptember 2017, Ankara, Turkey

Simkin P. Just another day in a woman’s life? Part II: Nature and consistency of women’s long-term memories of their first birth experiences. Birth. 1992;19(2):64-81.

Blainey SH, Slade P. Exploring the process of writing about and sharing traumatic birth experiences online. Br J Health Psychol. 2015;20(2):243-60.

Gamble J, Creedy C. Psychological trauma symptoms of operative birth. Br J Midwifery 2005;13(4):218–24.

Bell AF, Andersson E. The birth experience and women’s postnatal depression: A systematic review. Midwifery. 2016;39:112-23.

Elmir R, Schmied V, Wilkes L, Jackson D. Women’s percetions andex- periences of a traumatic birth: a meta ethnography. J Adv Nurs, 2010;66(10):2142:53.

Henriksen L, Grimsrud E, Schei B, Lukasse M, Group BS. Factors related to a negative birth experience–A mixed methods study. Midwifery. 2017;51:33-9.

Aktaş S, Pasinoğlu T. The effect of empathic communication skills of midwives on labor and post labor period. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences. 2016;19:38-45.

Aktas S, Pasinlioglu T. The effect of empathy training given to midwives upon meeting mothers’ expectations and level of perceiving labor and midwives during postpartum period J Gynecol-Obstet Neonatol. 2017;14(2):60-5.

Grekin R, O’Hara MW. Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder: a meta-analsis. Clin Psychol Rev.2014;34:389401.

Atan SÜ, Duran ET, Kavlak O, Donmez S, Sevil U. Spontaneous vaginal delivery or caesarean section? What do Turkish women think?. IInt J Nurs Pract. 2013;19(1):1-7.

Molina G, Weiser TG, Lipsitz SR, Esquivel MM, Uribe-Leitz T, Azad T, Haynes AB. Relationship between cesarean delivery rate and maternal and neonatal mortality. JAMA. 2015;314(21):2263-70.

Sönmez V, Alacapınar G.F. Örneklendirilmiş Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. 3. Basım. Anı Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2004.

Little RJ, Rubin DB. Statistical analysis with missing data. John Wiley & Sons. 2014.

Sidebotham M. Mayes’ Midwifery A textbook for Mdiwives. In: Mental Health Problems. Henderson C, Macdonald S. 13th edition. Elsevier, London, 2008:918-35.

Hodnett ED. Pain and women’s satisfaction with the experience of childbirth: a systematic review. AAm J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;186(5):160-72.

Laursen M, Hedegaard M, Johansen C. Fear of childbirth: predictors and temporal changes among nulliparous women in the Danish National Birth Cohort. BJOG. 2008;115(3):354-60.

Çiçek Ö, Mete S. A common problem: fear of childbirth. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2015;8(4):263-8.

Aktaş S. Gebeliğin Erken Dönemindeki Obstetrik Riskler, Fetal Anomaliler ve Fetal Sağlığın Değerlendirilmesi (Ebelere Yönelik). Bölüm 1: Obstetrik Riskler. 1. Basım. Modern Tıp Kitabevi, Ankara, Turkey, 2018:54-67. (İn press / Basımda).

Şahin EM, Kiliçarslan S. Depression, anxiety level of effecting factors of third trimestir pregnant women. Med J Trakya University. 2010:27(1):51-8.

Erbil N, Oruç H, Karabulut A. Determination of depression and affecting factors in pregnancy. Türkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obstet, 2009;19(2):67-74.

Ertekin Pinar S, Duran Aksoy O, Daglar G, Yurtsal ZB, Cesur B. Effect of stress management training on depression, stress and coping strategies in pregnant women: a randomised controlled trial. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2017;1-8.

Buko G, Özkan H. The correlation between emotional ıntelligence and prenatal attachment levels of pregnant women. J Anatol Nursing Health Sci, 2016:19(4):217-4.

Engelhard IM, van den Hout MA, Schouten EG. Neuroticism and low educational level predict the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder in women after miscarriage or stillbirth. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2006;28(5):414-7.

Rouhe H, Salmela-Aro K, Halmesmäki E, Saisto T. Fear of childbirth according to parity, gestational age, and obstetric history. BJOG. 2009;116(1):67-73.

Priddis H.S, Keedle H, Dahlen H. The perfect storm of trauma: The experiences of women who have experienced birth trauma and subsequently accessed residential parenting services in Australia. Women Birth. 2017;S1871-5192(17):30061-6.

Tan P, Evsen MS, Soydinc HE, Sak ME, Ozler A, Turgut A. Guf. Increased psychological trauma and decreased desire to have children after a complicated pregnancy. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2013;14(1):11-4.