___

• Adams, D.P. (2014). Aspiring to leadership… A woman’s world. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 148, 543-550. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.077
• Adler, N.J. (1996). Global woman leaders: An invisible history, An Increasingly Important Future. Leadership Quarterly, 7(1), 133-161. doi: 10.1016/S1048-9843(96)90038-7
• Akan, E., & Gürhan, N. (2020). Feminizmin “e-hali”: Dijital feminizm üzerine bir araştırma. Hafıza Dergisi, 2(2), 4-22.
• Akbaş, N., & Taner, B. (2022). Yazılı tarihte yönetim ve iktidar ilişkileri: kadın bunun neresinde? USBAD Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Akademi Dergisi, 4(8), 6-39. doi: 10.47994/usbad.1059455
• Aldoory, L., & Toth, E. (2004). Leadership and gender in public relations: perceived effectiveness of transformational and transactional leadership styles. Journal of Public Relations Research, 16(2), 157-183.
• Appelbaum, S. H., Audet, L., & Miller, J. C. (2003). Gender and leadership? Leadership and gender? A journey through the landscape of theories. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 24(1), 43-51.
• Ashmore, R. D, Del Boca, E K., & Wohlers, A. J. (1986). Gender stereotypes. R.D Ashmore ve EK. Del Boca (Ed.), The social psychology of female-male relations: A critical analysis of central concepts (ss. 69-119). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
• Atay, Ö. (2017). Gendered success and strategies for change in a Turkish university. In Gendered Success in Higher Education içinde (pp. 215-232). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Avcı, S., & Kayar, N. (2015). Bedenin Anlamı ve Sınırları. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
• Avolio, B. J. (1999). Full leadership development: Building the vital forces in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
• Avolio, B., Chávez, J., & Vílchez-Román, C. (2020). Factors that contribute to the underrepresentation of women in science careers worldwide: A literature review. Social Psychology of Education, 23(3), 773-794.
• Babaoğlan, E. (2011). Birkaç kadın denetçiden biri olmanın zorlukları. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 44(4), 121-144.
• Baktemur, Z. (2019). Aydınlanma çağı filozoflarına göre kadın: Schopenhauer, Kant ve Rousseau örneği. İstanbul Üniversitesi Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1, 1-12.
• Barbuto, J. E., Fritz, S. M., Matkin, G. S., & Marx, D. B. (2007). Effects of gender, education, and age upon leaders’ use of influence tactics and full range leadership behaviors. Sex Roles, 56, 71-83.
• Bass, B. M. (1990). From transactional to transformational leadership: learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18(3), 19-31. doi: 10.1016/0090-2616(90)90061-S
• Bear, J. B., Cushenbery, L., London, M., & Sherman, G. D. (2017). Performance feedback, power retention, and the gender gap in leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(6), 721-740.
• Beauvoir, S. (1993). İkinci cins (Çev. B. Onaran). İstanbul: Payel Yayınları.
• Bennis, W. ve Townsend, R. (1995). Reinventing leadership. New York: William Marrow and Comp., Inc. Bilgin, B. (2012). Çalışma yaşamında kadın ve yasal düzenlemeler. Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, 99, 311.
• Bingöl, D., Aydoğan, E., Şenel, G., & Erden, P. (2011). Cam tavan sendromu ve kadınların hiyerarşik yükselmelerindeki engeller: TC. Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı Ankara Merkez Teşkilatı örneği. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 12 (1), 115-132.
• Bolzenius, S. (2001). Women’s roles in ancient civilizations: A reference guide. Journal of Women’s History, 13(1), 230.
• Boyer, E. J., Reid, R., Studies, G., & Patton, D. (2022). Does Gender Influence Leadership Styles? A View from the US Nonprofit Sector. Public Organization Review, 22(4), 1-16.
• Brackett, M. A., Rivers, S. E., Shiffman, S., Lerner, N., & Salovey, P. (2006). Relating emotional abilities to social functioning: a comparison of self-report and performance measures of emotional intelligence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(4), 780-795. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.91.4.780.
• Bruckmüller, S., & Branscombe, N.R. (2010). The glass cliff: When and why women are selected as leaders in crisis contexts. British Journal of Social Psychology, 49, 433-451. doi: 10.1348/014466609X466594 Burke, S., & Collins, K. M. (2001). Gender differences in leadership styles and management skills. Women in Management Review, 16(5), 244-257.
• Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.
• Canpolat, P. (2020). Siyasetin topuk sesleri: Jacinda Ardern II. (Erişim Tarihi 5.12.2022): https://daktilo1984.com/forum/siyasetin-topuk-sesleri-jacinda-ardern-ii/
• Casad, B. J., Franks, J. E., Garasky, C. E., Kittleman, M. M., Roesler, A. C., Hall, D. Y., & Petzel, Z. W. (2021). Gender inequality in academia: Problems and solutions for women faculty in STEM. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 99(1), 13-23.
• Cawthon, D.L. (1996). Leadership: the great man theory revisited. Business Horizons, 39(3), 1-4.
• Chandler, D. (2011). What women bring to the exercise of leadership? Journal of Strategic Leadership, 3(2), 1-12. Childe, G. (2017). What happened in history. Middlesex, England: Penguin Books.
• Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1998). Charismatic leadership in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
• Çelikkol, İ., & Hira, İ. (2022). Modernizm ve postmodernizm tartışmaları ekseninde toplumsal cinsiyet, cinsel yönelimler ve cinsiyetsizleştirme. Sakarya Üniversitesi Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 37-54.
• Çetinel, E., & Ersoy-Yılmaz, S. (2016). Feminist teori: yönetim ve organizasyon alanına eleştirel bir yaklaşım. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(2), 119-148.
• Çiçekli, E. (2019). Kadın olma ve yönetici olma arasındaki negatif ilişki: Türkiye’de cam tavan üzerine görgül bir çalışma. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 15(1), 143-156. doi: 10.17130/ijmeb.2019149863 Çiğdem, A. (2015). Aydınlanma düşüncesi. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
• Daniel, C. (1983). Civilizaţia sumeriană. Bucureşti: Editura Sport-Turism.
• Daniel, C. (1985). Cultura spirituală a Egiptului Antic. Bucureşti: Editura Cartea Românească.
• Davies, K. (2023). Share of women in leadership positions in Germany in 2022, by industry. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1089659/women-leadership-positions-by-industry-germany/ De Beauvoir, S. (1961). A history of sex. (H.M. Parshley, Çev.). London: Four Square Books Ltd.
• Desjardins, C., & Brown, C.O. (1991). A new look at leadership styles. Phi Kappa Phi Journal, 71(1), 18.
• Druskat, V. U. (1994). Gender and leadership style: Transformational and transactional leadership in the Roman Catholic Church. The Leadership Quarterly, 5(2), 99-119.
• Duran, A. (2018). Liderlik kuramları. F. Ereş (Ed.), Sosyal bilimlerde kuramlar. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. Eagly, A. H. (2007). Female leadership advantage and disadvantage: resolving the contradictions. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 31(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00326.
• Eagly, A. H. (2013). Women as leaders: Leadership style versus leaders’ values and attitudes. In R.J. Ely ve A.J.C. Cuddy (Eds.), Gender and work: Challenging conventional wisdom (pp. 4-11). Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
• Eagly, A. H., & Carli, L. L. (2007). Through the labyrinth: The truth about how women become leaders. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
• Eagly, A. H., & Johannesen‐Schmidt, M. C. (2001). The leadership styles of women and men. Journal of Social Issues, 57(4), 781-797. doi: 10.1111/0022-4537.00241
• Eagly, A. H., & Karau, S. J. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109(3), 573-598. doi: 10.1037//0033-295X.109.3.573
• Eagly, A. H., & Riger, S. (2014). Feminism and psychology: Critiques of methods and epistemology. American Psychologist, 69, 684-702.
• Eagly, A. H., Johannesen-Schmidt, M. C., & van Engen, M. L. (2003). Transformational, transactional, and laissezfaire leadership styles: A meta-analysis comparing women and men. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 569-591. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.129.4.569.
• Eagly, A.H., & Johnson, B.T. (1990). Gender and leadership style: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 108(2), 233-256. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.108.2.233
• English, F. W. (1998). The postmodern turn in educational administration: apostrophic or catastrophic development? Journal of School Leadership, 8(5), 426-447. doi: 10.1177/105268469800800501 Fişek, K. (2015). Yönetim. Ankara: SBF Yayınları.
• Forsyth, D. R., Heiney, M. M., & Wright, S. S. (1997). Biases in appraisals of women leaders. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 1(1), 98-103.
• Gardiner, M., & Tiggemann, M. (1999). Gender differences in leadership style, job stress and mental health in male‐and female‐dominated industries. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72(3), 301-315.
• Gartzia, L., & van Engen, M. (2012). Are (male) leaders “feminine” enough? Gendered traits of identity as mediators of sex differences in leadership styles. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 27(5), 296-314. doi: 10.1108/17542411211252624
• Gezgüç, G.M., & Duman, D. (2020). Pandemi ile mücadelede siyasi liderlerin tutumları: ABD, Almanya, Brezilya ve Yeni Zelanda karşılaştırması. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(7), 253-275.
• Gipson, A. N., Pfaff, D. L., Mendelsohn, D. B., Catenacci, L. T., & Burke, W. W. (2017). Women and leadership: Selection, development, leadership style, and performance. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 53(1), 32-65.
• Gökhan, İ. (2010). Türkiye’deki Feminist Akımların Modernite ve Postmodernite İlişkilerine Eleştirel Bir Bakış. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Gunluk-Senesen, G. (2009). Glass ceiling in academic administration in Turkey: 1990s versus 2000s. Tertiary Education and Management, 15 (4), 305-322.
• Harvey, D. (2020). The condition of postmodernity. Steven Seidman, Jeffrey C. Alexander (Eds.), The New Social Theory Reader (pp.235-242). London: Routledge.
• Hyde, J. S. (2005). The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60, 581-592.
• İsmayılzada, G. (2022). Feminist bir bakış açısıyla felsefe tarihi: kayıp kadın filozoflar (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Uludağ Üniversitesi, Bursa.
• Kanter, R. M. (1977). Men and women of the corporation. New York: Basic Books.
• Kara, O. (2017). Tüketim kültürü nesnesi olarak “beden” ve tarihsel değişimi. Nişantaşı Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 179-195.
• Karatepe, S., & Arıbaş, N. N. (2017). İş hayatında kadın yöneticilere ilişkin cinsiyet ayrımcılığı: Türkiye için bir değerlendirme. Yasama Dergisi, 31, 7-23.
• Keough, T., & Tobin, B. (2001). Postmodern leadership and the policy lexicon: from theory, proxy to practice. 2001 Pan-Canadian Education Research Agenda Symposium, 22-23 Mayıs, Laval University, Quebec City . Khan, Z.A., Nawaz, A., & Khan, I. (2016). Leadership theories and styles: a literature review. Journal of Resources Development and Management, 16, 1-7.
• Klenke, K. (2004). Women and leadership: A contextual perspective. New York: Springer.
• Korabik, K., Baril, G. L., & Watson, C. (1993). Managers' conflict management style and leadership effectiveness: The moderating effects of gender. Sex Roles, 29, 405-420.
• Lammers, J., & Gas, A. (2017). Stressing the advantages of female leadership can place women at a disadvantage. Social Psychology, 48(1), 28-39. doi: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000292
• Leblebici, D.N. (2008). 21. yüzyılın liderlik anlayışına bakış. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 32(1), 61-72.
• Lerner, G. (1986). The creation of patriarchy (1. cilt). New York: Oxford University Press.
• Lewis, J.J. (2019). Women rulers of the ancient and classical world. (Erişim Tarihi 5.11.2022): https://www.thoughtco.com/ancient-women-rulers-3528391.
• Lorraine Radtke, H. (2017). Feminist theory in Feminism & Psychology [Part I]: Dealing with differences and negotiating the biological. Feminism & Psychology, 27(3), 357-377.
• Maloş, R. (2012). The most important leadeship theories. Annals of Eftimie Murgu University Resita, 2, 413-420.
• Mandell, B., & Pherwani, S. (2003). Relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership style: A gender comparison. Journal of Business and Psychology, 17, 387-404.
• Mann, S. A. (2012). Doing feminist theory: From modernity to postmodernity. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
• Meng, J., & Berger, B. (2013). An integrated model of excellent leadership in public relations: dimensions, measurement, and validation. Journal of Public Relations Research, 25(2), 141-167. doi: 10.1080/1062726X.2013.758583
• Merchant, K. (2012). How men and women differ: gender differences in communication styles, influence tactics, and leadership styles (Senior Thesis), Claremont McKenna College, California, US.
• Metcalfe, S.A., & González, P.L. (2013). Underrepresentation of women in the academic profession: A comparative analysis of the North American region. NASPA Journal About Women in Higher Education, 6(1), 1-21.
• Mohan, G., Seijts, G., & Miller, R. (2022). Does Leader Character Have a Gender?. Journal of Business Ethics, 181(3), 1-18.
• Mulac, A.. Bradac, J. J., & Gibbons, P. (2001). Empirical support for the gender-as Gender Differences in Leadership culture hypothesis: An intercultural analysis of male/female language differences. Human Communication Research, 27, 121-152. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.2001.tb00778.x
• Negiz, N., & Yemen, A. (2011). Kamu örgütlerinde kadın yöneticiler: yönetici ve çalışan açısından yönetimde kadın sorunsalı. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24, 195-214. Northouse, P. G. (2007). Leadership: theories and practices. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
• O’Neill, A. (2023). Number of countries where the de facto highest position of executive power was held by a woman from 1960 to 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1058345/countries-with-women-highest-position-executive-power-since-1960/
• Örücü, E., Kılıç, R., & Kılıç, T. (2007). Cam Tavan sendromu ve kadınların üst düzey yönetici pozisyonuna yükselmelerindeki engeller: Balıkesir ili örneği. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 14(2), 117-135.
• Öztürk, N. (2012). Bir Beden Sosyolojisi Problemi Olarak Namus Kavramı ve Kadın Bedeni. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Paustian-Underdahl, S.C. (2012). A meta-analysis of gender differences in leadership effectiveness (PhD Thesis). The University of North Carolina, US.
• Pfaff, L. A., Boatwright, K. J., Potthoff, A. L., Finan, C., Ulrey, L. A., & Huber, D. M. (2013). Perceptions of women and men leaders following 360‐degree feedback evaluations. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 26(1), 35-56. Place, K.R., & Vardeman-Winter, J. (2018). Where are the women? An examination of research on women and leadership in public relations. Public Relations Review, 44, 165-173. doi: 10.1016/j.pubrev.2017.10.005 Rincón, V., González, M., & Barrero, K. (2017). Women and leadership: Gender barriers to senior management positions. Intangible Capital, 13(2), 319-386.
• Robinson, J.L., & Lipman-Blumen, J. (2003). Leadership behavior of male and female managers, 1984–2002, Journal of Education for Business, 79(1), 28-33.
• Rosener, J.B. (1990). Ways women lead. Harvard Business Review, 68(6), 119-124.
• Sava, J.A. (2022). Share of all leadership/managerial positions in selected large technology companies held by women in 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1250776/women-in-leadership-roles-in-tech-companies/
• Sczesny, S. (2003). A closer look beneath the surface: Various facets of the think-manager-think-male stereotype. Sex Roles, 49(7/8), 353.
• Shen, W., & Joseph, D. L. (2021). Gender and leadership: A criterion-focused review and research agenda. Human Resource Management Review, 31(2), 100765. Shmueli, E. (1968). The “Pariah-People” and its “charismatic leadership”: a revaluation of Max Weber’s “Ancient Judaism”. Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research, 36, 167-247. doi: 10.2307/3622338
• Silver, J. K., Slocum, C. S., Bank, A. M., Bhatnagar, S., Blauwet, C. A., Poorman, J. A., Villablanca, A., & Parangi, S. (2017). Where are the women? The underrepresentation of women physicians among recognition award recipients from medical specialty societies. PM&R, 9(8), 804-815.
• Sivrikaya, N., & Wolff, R.A. (2021). Kadın liderlerin özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Kadın ve Aile Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 59-78.
• Snaebjornsson, I. M., & Edvardsson, I. R. (2013). Gender, nationality and leadership style: A literature review. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(1), 89-103.
• Sokullu, E.C. (2020). Pandemi yönetişimi ve kadın liderliği. 2020’de kadınlar, dünya politikası ve Türkiye (ss.7-9). Dış Politikada Kadınlar İnisiyatifi, Tuzla, İstanbul.
• Stafyla, A. (2008). Gender and leadership in Greek enterprises. 4th European Conference on Management, Leadership and Governance, Ryeson University, Toronto, Canada. Statista Research Department. (2022). Share of startups with a woman in an executive position in the United States in 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1214166/startups-usa-female-executive/ Staub, S. (2017). Türk iş dünyasında kadının liderlik tarzı ve kullandıkları liderlik dili. Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 12(2), 207-219.
• Strechie, M. (2015). The cult of personality in some ancient civilizations: mentalities and communication strategies. F. Smarandache, B. Teodorescu ve M. Teodorescu (Ed.), Uncertainty communication solution in neutrosophic key (ss.49-65). Belgium, Bruxelles.
• Suğur, S., & Cangöz, İ. (2016). Üniversite yönetiminde kadınların eksik temsili üzerinde toplumsal cinsiyet ilişkilerinin rolü. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 49(3), 89-115.
• Taşar, H. H. (2022). Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Merkez Teşkilatı üst yönetiminde kadın temsili. Mülkiye Dergisi, 46 (3), 794-815.
• The World Bank. (2022). Population - female (% of total population). (Erişim Tarihi: 10.11.2022): https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL.MA.ZS.
• Toksöz, G., Şener, Ü., Demircan, S., Karababa, R., Memiş, E., Arslan, H., Kaptanoğlu, İ.Y., Kabadayı, A., Akyıldırım, O., & İnanç, B. (2022). Türkiye’de toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğini izleme raporu 2021-2022. CEİD Yayınları. Torpey, E. (2017). Women in management: Career Outlook. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
• Trinidad, C., & Normore, A. H. (2005). Leadership and gender: a dangerous liaison?. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 26(7), 574-590.
• UN WOMEN. (2022). Progress On the Sustainable Development Goals The Gender Snapshot 2022. UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
• Usta, A. (2018). Aydınlanma düşüncesine kısa bir bakış. Kastamonu İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1, 74-90. Ustun, S., & Gümüşeli A. I. (2017). Many lives of women rectors at Turkish universities. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 5 (8), 123-131.
• Ünal, M. (2012). Bilgi çağında değişim ve liderlik. Marmara Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 32(1), 297-310.
• Van Engen, M. L., & Willemsen, T. M. (2004). Sex and leadership styles: A meta-analysis of research published in the 1990s. Psychological Reports, 94, 3-18.
• Wang, A. C., Chiang, J. T. J., Tsai, C. Y., Lin, T. T., & Cheng, B. S. (2013). Gender makes the difference: The moderating role of leader gender on the relationship between leadership styles and subordinate performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 122(2), 101-113.
• Wille, B., Wiernik, B.M., Vergauwe, J., Vrijdags, A., & Trbovic, N. (2018). Personality characteristics of male and female executives: distinct pathways to success? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 106, 220-235. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2018.02.005 Zaccaro, S. J., LaPort, K., & José, I. (2013). The attributes of successful leaders: A performance requirements approach. In M.G. Rumsey (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Leadership (pp. 11-36). Oxford University Press.