BEDEN CİNSİYET VE MEKAN

Beden, kültürel dönüşün gerçekleştiği 1980’li yılların ortasına kadar pozitivist, hümanist, Marksist ve feminist coğrafi düşüncede ötekileştirilmiştir. Bu ötekileştirmede Descartes tarafından oluşturulan zihin/beden dualitesi nedeniyle zihnin ve bedenin ayrı ve bu ayrımın cinsiyete dayalı olması etkili olmuştur. Bu nedenle zihin akıl, erkeklik ile beden ise mantıksız, doğa ve kadınlık ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Akademik araştırmalarda çoğunlukla erkekler öncelikli olduğu için beden, kadınsı ve önemsiz olarak görülmüş ve araştırmalarda daha az yer almıştır. Ancak kültürel dönüş, bedene dönüşe yol açmış ve 1990’ların başından itibaren coğrafyada bedene ilgi artmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, coğrafyadaki akademik çalışmaların genellikle erkek egemen çalışmalar olduğunu eleştirmektir. Bu nedenle cinsiyetlendirilmiş bedenlere yoğunlaşmakla birlikte öteki bedenler olarak engelli ve yaşlı bedenleri de kapsamaktadır. Bedenleri mekânlarda ve coğrafya disiplininde görünür kılmak ve cinsiyet, cinsellik, sınıf, ırk, inanç ve engelli ayrımı gözetmeksizin insanların eşit olduğunu göstermesi bakımından önemli bir çalışmadır. İlk bölümde, beden mekân ve zihin mekân arasındaki ilişki açıklanmış; bedenin ve zihnin ayrılmasıyla kamu mekânının nasıl düzenlendiği gösterilmiştir. İkinci bölümde, coğrafi söylemde bedenlerin öteki olarak nasıl işlev gördüğü belirtilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ise Foucault’un güç aracılığıyla bedenlerin nasıl disipline edildiği ve uysal hale getirildiği görüşüne odaklanılmıştır. Son bölümde, bedenlerin cinsiyetlendirildiği ve cinselleştirildiği açıklanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, akıl/beden dualitesi, coğrafyada neyin meşru bilgi sayılacağını belirlemede önemli bir rol oynamış ve kadın bedenleri nüfusun, ataerkilliğin ve kapitalizmin çıkarlarına göre kontrol edilmiş ve düzenlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Beden, coğrafya, mekan, zihin, yer

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