Soyun Önemi Bağlamında Yahudi-Haşmoni Krallığı ve Vaftizci Yahya

Öz: Haşmoni Krallığı, M.Ö. 140-M.Ö. 37 yılları arasında Yahudilerin kurmuş olduğu ender bağımsız devletlerden biridir. Ancak bu hanedanlık soyları sebep gösterilerek siyasi ve dini erki kullanmada bir takım sınırlamalara maruz kalmıştır. Onlara geleneksel Yahudi otoriteleri tarafından muhalefet edilmiştir. Bunun asıl sebebi Haşmonilerin Helenleşmeye eğilimli olmalarıdır. Ancak bu muhalefet soylarının üstünlüğüne yönelik iddiaları üzerinde yapılmıştır. Bu çerçevede siyasi ve dini kurum ve unvanlar revize edilmiş, Haşmonilerin Davut soyundan olmadıkları öne sürülerek krallıklarının meş- ruiyetinin halk tarafından tanınması engellenmiş, iç savaşlarla uğraşmak durumda kalınca da krallıkları tarih sahnesinde ancak yüz yıl kalabilmiştir. Bu yazı soy üstünlüğü argümanının her iki tarafça siyasi bir retorikle ne şekilde kullanıldığını ortaya koymaya çalışacaktır. Bu bağlamda Yahudi dini otoritesini temsil eden Büyük Kurul (Sanhedrin) üzerinde yapılan değişiklikler, Haşmonilerin soyu, Haşmonilerin Kohenliğin gerektirdiği kan saflığını kaybettikleri iddiası ele alınacaktır. Ayrıca Herod ile Vaftizci Yahya’nın soy üstünlüğü konusundaki tavırları karşılaştırılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Haşmoni, Seçilmiş Soy, Kohen, Herod, Vaftizci Yahya, Sanhedrin.

The Kingship Experience of Cohens in the Context of Genealogical Superiority: The Kingdom of Hasmoneans

Abstract: Hasmonean Kingdom (140-37 BCE) was one of the few Jewish independent states in history. However, Hasmoneans were not able to exercise their religious and political authority fully because of their genealogy; for the Jewish authorities claimed that their genealogy was not sufficiently pure to do so. The claim of this study is that the real reason for the opposition of the Jewish authorities against the dynasty was due to their Hellenistic tendencies, which surfaced as a rhetorical ploy using genealogy. For this reason, when the Hasmoneans claimed High Priesthood, the opposition created new boundary markers so as to limit their ability of achieving religious authority. On the other end of the spectrum, they denied the Hasmonean claim of kingship because they were not from Davidic lineage. This opposition created an unstable political situation, which eventually led to civil wars. Consequently, the kingdom was able to only survive for a short period of time. In this study the research elaborates on how the two sides utilized the argument of genealogical superiority to construct their respected political arguments. The cases through which the notion of genealogical superiority is discussed includes the administrative revisions on the structure of “Keneset ha-Gedolah”, the genealogy of the Hasmoneans, and the claim that the Hasmoneans lost the purity of blood necessary for high priesthood. Furthermore, the diverse stands of Herod the Great and John the Baptist on the issue of genealogical superiority are also discussed

Keywords:

Hasmoneans, Chosen Genealogy, Cohen, Herod the Great, John the Baptist, Sanhedrin.,

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