TÜRK İŞGÜCÜ PİYASASINDA OKUL SONRASI YATIRIM, EĞİTİM VE ÜCRET DİNAMİKLERİ: BETİMSEL BİR ÇALIŞMA

Beşerî Sermaye Teorisi, okul sonrası yatırımın ücret farklılıklarında önemli bir mekanizma olduğunu öne sürse de literatürde yeterince incelenmemiştir. Okul sonrası yatırım, cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim ve medeni durum gibi demografik faktörlerle bağlantılıdır ve ücret farklılıklarında çift yönlü bir etki yaratabilmektedir (Blaug, 1976; Mincer J. A., 1974a; Polachek, 1975; Rodríguez, Saltiel, & Urzua, 2018). Ayrıca literatürde çokça tartışılan eğitimin ücretler üzerindeki etkisi üzerinde okul sonrası yatırımların aracılık etkisi bulunabilir. Bu sebeple bu çalışma okul sonrası yatırım, eğitim ve ücret değişkenlerinin dinamiklerini diğer demografik değişkenlerle ilintili olarak ve aralarındaki nedensel ilişkiyi göz ardı ederek incelemeyi amaçlar. Çalışmada TUIK tarafından yayımlanan Yetişkin Eğitimi Araştırması kullanılmıştır (TURKSTAT, 2007). Sonuçlar, okul sonrası yatırımın genç, evli olmayan, kadın, yüksek ücretli, rutin olmayan işlerde çalışan ve meslek lisesi mezunu gruplarda yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar arasında, düşük ücretlilerin okul sonrası yatırımlarının yaşa bağlı olarak arttığı görülmektedir. Bu durum düşük ücretlilerin büyük olasılıkla düşük vasıflı oldukları için, iş gücü piyasasında iş kayıplarının önüne geçebilmek ve rekabet edebilmek için kolayca kaybolabilen yeteneklerini geliştirmek zorunda olduklarını gösterir. Ek olarak, erkeklerin daha düşük eğitim düzeyine sahip olsalar bile kadınlardan daha fazla ücret aldıkları gözlenir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Okul sonrası yatırım, eğitim, ücret, yetişkin eğitimi

DYNAMICS OF POST-SCHOOL INVESTMENT, EDUCATION AND WAGES IN TURKISH LABOR MARKET: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

Although Human Capital Theory asserts post-school investment as an important mechanism in the wage differentials, it is not adequately scrutinized by the literature. Post-school investment is linked to demographic factors like gender, age, education, marital status, etc., and has a dual effect in the wage differentials of individuals (Blaug, 1976; Mincer J. A., 1974a; Polachek, 1975; Rodríguez, Saltiel, & Urzua, 2018). Moreover, PSI can mediate the effect of education on wages which has been widely discussed in the literature. In light of these, this study aims to understand the dynamics of post-school investment, education, and wages in relation with other demographics ignoring the causal relationship between these variables using Adult Education Survey (TURKSTAT, 2007). Results indicate that PSI is high for observations who are young, non-married, women, high wage earner, non-routine job holder, and vocational collage school graduate. Interestingly, results indicate that low wage earners have to invest on their human capital to compete in the labor market against job losses most probably as they are low skilled workers, and their abilities are prone to depreciation easily. Moreover, men can earn more than women, even if they have a lower education level.

Keywords:

Post-School Investment, Education, Wage, Adult Education.,

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