Central Composite Design to develop a robust RP-TLC/Densitometry method for quantification of Triclosan in cosmetic preparations

The current study was framed with a view to develop a simple, sensitive and a rapid RP-TLC/Densitometry method for quantification of Triclosan (TCS) in various cosmetic preparations available in local market. Moreover, robustness testing was planned to be performed employing Central Composite Design (CCD). The desired chromatographic separation was achieved on RP-TLC/Densitometry plates precoated with Silica gel 60 GF 254 on Aluminum sheet, employing methanol : glacial acetic acid as mobile phase in the ratio of 7 : 3 v/v and detection was carried out at 281 nm. The mobile phase used gave an excellent symmetrical peak for TCS. The method was found linear over a wide range of 20-140 ng/band. The optimized method was validated by measuring various validation parameters. CCD was employed to check the robustness of the method at three-factor levels. The developed and optimized method was used to quantify TCS in 20 different cosmetic preparations procured from local market. The proposed and developed RP-TLC/Densitometry method can be applied for routine analysis of TCS in cosmetic preparations and can also be extended to the analysis in pharmaceuticals and food products.

___

1. Laurie MG. FDA bans common ingredients in antibacterial soaps and body washes. 2016. Available at; https://www. washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2016/09/02/ fda-bans-some-antibacterial-soaps-and-body-washes/?utm_ term=.9db49f1663da

2. Russell AD. Whither triclosan? J Antimicrob Chemother 2004; 53: 693–5.

3. Allmyr M, Harden F, Toms LM, Mueller JF, McLachlan MS, Adolfsson-Erici M, Sandborgh-Englund G. The influence of age and gender on triclosan concentrations in Australian human blood serum. Sci Total Environ 2008; 393: 162-7.

4. Foran CM, Bennett ER, Benson WH. Developmental evaluation of a potential non-steroidal estrogen: triclosan. Mar Environ Res 2000; 50: 153-6.

5. Matsumura N, Ishibashi H, Hirano M, Nagao Y, Watanabe N, Shiratsuchi H, Kai T, Nishimura T, Kashiwagi A, Arizono K. Effects of nonylphenol and triclosan on production of plasma vitellogenin and testosterone in male South African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis). Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28: 1748-51.

6. Ahn KC, Zhao B, Chen J, Cherednichenko G, Sanmarti E, Denison MS, Lasley B, Pessah IN, Kültz D, Chang DP, Gee SJ, Hammock BD. In vitro biologic activities of the antimicrobials triclocarban, its analogs, and triclosan in bioassay screens: Receptor-based bioassay screens. Environ Health Perspect 2008; 116: 1203-10.

7. Jung EM, An BS, Choi KC, Jeung EB. Potential estrogenic activity of triclosan in the uterus of immature rats and rat pituitary GH3 cells. Toxicol Lett 2012; 208: 142-8.

8. Kaul N, Agrawal H, Paradkar AR, Mahadik KR. HPTLC method for determination of nevirapine in pharmaceutical dosage form. Talanta 2004; 62: 843–52.

9. Swarbrick J. Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical technology, 1st edition, volme 1. Informa Healthcare Inc, London, UK. 2007, pp 2452–2467.

10. Cabaleiro N, Pena-Pereira F, de la Calle I, Bendicho C, Lavilla I. Determination of TCS by cuvetteless UV–VIS microspectrophotometry following simultaneous ultrasound assisted emulsification–microextraction with derivatization: Use of a micellar-ionic liquid as extractant. Microchem J 2011; 99: 246–51.

11. Liu T, Wu D. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of TCS and triclocarban in cosmetic products. Int J Cos Sci 2012; 34: 489-94.

12. Xie S, Deng H, Xiang B, Xiang S. Detection of trace triclocarban in water sample using solid-phase extraction−liquid chromatography with stochastic resonance algorithm. Environ Sci Technol 2008; 42: 2988–91.

13. Guo JH, Li XH, Cao XL, Li Y, Wang XZ, Xu XB. Determination of TCS, triclocarban and methyl-TCS in aqueous samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with rapid liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216: 3038–43.

14. Baranowska I, Magiera S, Bortniczuk K. Reverse-phase HPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of TCS and triclocarban in surface waters. Water Sci Technol: Water Supply 2010; 10: 173-80.

15. Scalia S, Guarneri M, Menegatti E. Assay of TCS in deodorant sticks and soaps by supercritical fluid extraction and HPLC. J Soc Cos Chem 1994; 45: 35-42.

16. Verma Kusum S, Kang X. Analysis of TCS and Triclocarban in soil and biosolids using molecularly ımprinted solid phase extraction coupled with HPLC-UV. J AOAC Int 2010; 93: 1313-21.

17. Liu Y, Song QJ, Wang L. Development and characterization of an amperometric sensor for TCS detection based on electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer. Microchem J 2009; 91: 222-6.

18. Yan H, Wang H, Qin X, Liu B, Du J. Ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction for determination of fluoroquinolones in pharmaceutical wastewater. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 54: 53–7.

19. Shen JY, Chang MS, Yang SH, Wu GJ. Simultaneous and rapid determination of TCS, triclocarban and their four related transformation products in water samples using SPMEHPLC- DAD. J Liq Chromatogr Related Technol 2012; 35: 2280-93.

20. Kim JW, Ramaswamy BR, Chang KH, Isobe T, Tanabe S. Multiresidue analytical method for the determination of antimicrobials, preservatives, benzotriazole UV stabilizers, flame retardants and plasticizers in fish using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218: 3511–20.

21. Hong Guo J, Hong Li X, Cao XL, Qu L, Hou DK, Xu XB. Temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction combined with ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography for the rapid determination of TCS, triclocarban and methyl-TCS in aqueous samples. Sci China Chem 2010; 53: 2600–27.

22. Gonzalez-Marino I, Quintana JB, Rodriguez I, Cela R. Simultaneous determination of parabens, TCS and triclocarban in water by liquid chromatography / electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2009; 23: 1756–66.

23. Asimakopoulosa AG, Wang L, Thomaidis NS, Kannan K. A multi-class bioanalytical methodology for the determination of bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers, p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters, benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters, TCS, and triclocarban in human urine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1324: 141–8.

24. Sun J, Yi CL, Zhao RS, Wang X, Jiang WQ, Wang XK. Determination of trace TCS in environmental water by microporous bamboo-activated charcoal solid-phase extraction combined with HPLC-ESI-MS. J Sep Sci 2012; 35: 2781–6.

25. Quintana JB, Reemtsma T. Sensitive determination of acidic drugs and TCS in surface and wastewater by ion-pair reversephase liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Comm Mass Spect 2004; 18: 765-74.

26. Zhao RS, Wang X, Sun J, Wang SS, Yuan JP, Wang XK. Trace determination of TCS and triclocarban in environmental water samples with ionic liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction prior to HPLC–ESI-MS–MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397: 1627–33.

27. Shi Y, Liu X, Zhanga J, Shao B. Analysis of TCS and triclocarban in human nails using isotopic dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 2013; 934: 97-101.

28. Yi CL, Guo WL, Wang XK. Simultaneous determination of triclocarban and TCS in environmental water by using SPE combined with HPLC-ESI-MS. Adv Mat Res 2013; 610:268- 71.

29. Zhao RS, Wang X, Sun J, Hu C, Wang XK. Determination of TCS and triclocarban in environmental water samples with ionic liquid/ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction prior to HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Microchim Acta 2011; 174: 145-51.

30. Zhao RS, Wang X, Sun J, Yuan JP, Wang SS, Wang XK. Temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction for the sensitive determination of TCS and triclocarban in environmental water samples prior to HPLCESI- MS/MS. Microchim Acta 2010; 33: 1842-8.

31. Zhao RS, Wang X, Sun J, Hu C, Wang XK. Simultaneous determination of TCS, triclocarban, and transformation products of triclocarban in aqueous samples using solid-phase micro-extraction-HPLC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2011; 35: 2544–52.

32. Chu S, Metcalfe CD. Simultaneous determination of triclocarban and TCS in municipal biosolids by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1164: 212–8.

33. Sanchez-Brunete C, Miguel E, Albero B, Tadeo JL. Determination of TCS and methyl TCS in environmental solid samples by matrix solid-phase dispersion and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2010; 33: 2768– 75.

34. Trenholm RA, Vanderford BJ, Drewes JE, Snyder SA. Determination of household chemicals using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1190: 253–62.
Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal-Cover
  • ISSN: 1309-0801
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 1985
  • Yayıncı: Marmara Üniversitesi
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Study on the Antimicrobial Effects of Novel Thiazole Derivatives

MERAL YILMAZ CANKILIÇ, LEYLA YURTTAŞ

Evaluation of Relationship Between Lymphocyte DNA Damages and Blood Arsenic Levels in Silver Mining Workers using Alkaline Comet Assay

Esma SOYLEMEZ, Zeliha KAYAALTI, Dilek KAYA AKYÜZLÜ, ENGİN TUTKUN, Tülin SÖYLEMEZOĞLU

Microemulsion Based Bioadhesive Gel of Itraconazole Using Tamarind Gum: In-vitro and Ex-vivo Evaluation

Kailas K MALI, Shashikant C DHAWALE, Remeth J DIAS

Mean Centering Method for determination of Empagliflozin and Metformin

Bassam M. AYOUB, Rola M EMAM, Mahmoud M. YOUSSEF, Muhammad N. EL-KATTAN, Marwa A. SAYED, Ahmed M. KOWİDER, Adly H. SEHA, Engy A. RABEA, Rana M. YAKOUT, Rolly H. FARİED

Pedicularis condensata Türüne ait Anatomi ve Aktivite Çalışmaları

BURCU ŞEN UTSUKARÇİ, MÜNEVVER BAHAR GÜRDAL ABAMOR, TURGUT TAŞKIN, Mayram TÜYSÜZ, ÇAĞLA BOZKURT GÜZEL, Selin TUFAN, Afife MAT

Preparation and Evaluation of a Sustained Release Formulation of Metoclopramide Hydrochloride HPMC Tablets

Ramesh NARAYANASAMY

Protoscolicidal Effects and Acute Toxicity of Essential Oil and Methanolic Extract of Cuminum cyminum Seeds

Amir KEYHANİ, Amir Tavakoli KARESHK, Razieh TAVAKOLİ OLİAEİ, Hossein MAHMOUDVAND

Central Composite Design to develop a robust RP-TLC/Densitometry method for quantification of Triclosan in cosmetic preparations

Kavitha JAYASEELAN, Karunanidhi Santhana LAKSHMİ

Influence of Pharmacist Recommendations for Chemotherapy-Related Problems in Diabetic Cancer Patients

Fikret V. IZZETTİN, Anmar AL-TAİE, MESUT SANCAR, Mehmet ALİUSTAOĞLU

Türkiye’de İnsüline Ait Satış Verileri ve Referans İnsülin Aspart ile Biyobenzerinin Analitik Karşılaştırılması

Onur Hakkı DAL, ALİ DEMİR SEZER