BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER VE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KALKINMANIN DESTEKLENMESİ

ve 19. yüzyıllarda fabrikaların ve serbest piyasa ilkelerinin yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte insanlar ve devletler ürünlere kolayca ulaşmaya başladı. Bu süreç hayatı kolaylaştırsa da, doğayı ve insan hayatını ciddi şekilde etkiledi. Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) gibi uluslararası topluluklar, yarım yüzyıldan fazla yoksulluk, çevre sorunları ve kaynakların azlığı ile mücadele etmek için çözümler bulmaya çalıştı. 1987'de yayınlanan Brundtland Komisyonu raporu, daha sonra sürdürülebilir kalkınma olarak adlandırılan, birleşik kalkınmaya ve çevreye olan ihtiyacı açıkladı. İlerleyen yıllarda terörist tehditlerden ve çevresel felaketlerden duyulan korkuların artmasıyla, Binyıl Kalkınma Hedefleri (Milenyum Kalkınma Hedefleri), 2000 yılında BM tarafından iyi bir yaşam sağlamak ve çevreyi korumak amacıyla 22 sivil toplum kuruluşu ile birlikte yayımlandı. Bununla birlikte, Binyıl Kalkınma Hedeflerine ulaşmada yaşanan başarısızlık nedeniyle, sonuç olarak, Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri (SDG) olarak adlandırılan yeni hedefler dizisinin 2030 Gündemi altında daha geniş kapsamlı ve insan merkezli bir yaklaşımla uygulanması kabul edilmiştir. Yeni kabul edilen Sürdürülebilir Kalkınmanın Desteklenmesi (SKD) her ne kadar konuya geniş bir şekilde yaklaşsa da, hedefler ve uygulamalar arasında hala tartışılmaz derecede eksiklikler bulunmaktadır ve bu sebeple bu çalışmanın temel amacı Binyıl Kalkınma Hedefleri ile SKD’lerin etkinliğini kısaca karşılaştırıp analiz etmek ve hedeflere ulaşmak için neden daha somut politikalar ve ademi merkeziyetçi mekanizmalara ihtiyaç duyulduğunu açıklamaktır.

THE UNITED NATIONS AND PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

With the dissemination of the use of factories and open market principals in the 18th and 19th centuries, people and states started to reach products easily. Although this process eased life, it affected severely nature and human life. More than half-century international communities, like the United Nations (UN), tried to find solutions to tackle poverty, environmental problems, and scarcity of resources. In 1987 Brundtland Commission report explained the need for united development and environment which then called sustainable development. In the following years, with the increase of fears from the terroristic threats and environmental disasters, Millennium Development Goals (MDG) were published by the UN in 2000 along with 22 non-governmental organizations with the aim of providing decent lives and protecting the environment. However, MDG was not successful in fulfilling its targets, so at the concluding of it, set of new goals called as Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) were agreed to be implemented under 2030 Agenda with wider-pattern and human-centred approach. Despite SDGs broad approach to the subject, there are still incontrovertible lacks between targets and policies and therefore the main aim of this article is to analyze the short comparison between the MDGs and the SDGs effectiveness and explain why more concrete policies and decentralized mechanisms are needed to accomplish goals.

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