TÜRKİYE’DE HALKA AÇIK ŞİRKETLERDE ORTAYA ÇIKAN MUHASEBE HİLELERİNİN SPK BÜLTENLERİ ÜZERİNDEN ANALİZİ:2011-2020

Halka açık şirketlerde ortaya çıkan muhasebe hileleri sermaye piyasalarına olan güveni zedelemesinin yanında birçok yatırımcının da mağdur olmasına neden olmaktadır. Amerika’da Enron, Worldcom, Avrupa’da Parmalat, Ahold, Vivendi, Japonya’da Toshiba, Olympus gibi şirketlerde ortaya çıkan muhasebe hileleri sonucunda binlerce yatırımcı mağdur olmuş, bu şirketlerin değerleri neredeyse sıfırlanmıştır. Dünyada bu konuda önemli çalışmalar yapılmasına rağmen Türkiye’de halka açık şirketlerdeki muhasebe hileleri konusunda çok fazla çalışma olmadığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışma hem bu konuya dikkat çekmek hem de literatüre katkı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın kapsamı 2011-2020 yılları arasında, SPK denetimine tabi halka açık şirketlerde ortaya çıkan muhasebe hileleri olarak belirlenmiş ve SPK Bültenleri taranmak suretiyle tespit edilen hileli ve usulsüz işlemler analiz edilerek tasnif edilmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgulara göre, farklı ülkelerde kullanılan muhasebe hilesi yöntemlerinin Türkiye’deki halka açık şirketlerde de kullanıldığı, ancak hile tutarları ve hileli işlemlere uygulanan cezalar ile mukayese edildiğinde çok düşük düzeylerde kaldığı ve caydırıcılıktan uzak olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca bu hileleri gizlemek için Avrupa ve Amerika’daki gibi özel amaçlı şirketler veya off-shore şirket kullanımlarından ziyade yurtdışı iştirak ve bağlı ortaklıkların kullanıldığı da ulaşılan sonuçlar arasındadır.

ANALYSIS OF ACCOUNTING FRAUDS REVEALED IN PUBLICLYTRADED COMPANIES IN TURKEY THROUGH CMB BULLETINS:2011-2020

Accounting frauds that occur in publicly traded companies are not only damage confidence in the capital markets, but also cause many investors to suffer. As a result of the accounting frauds that emerged in companies such as Enron, WorldCom in the USA, Parmalat, Ahold, Vivendi in Europe, Toshiba and Olympus in Japan, thousands of investors were victimized and the values of these companies were almost gone to zero. Although there are important studies on this subject in the world, it is seen that there are not many studies on accounting frauds in publicly traded companies in Turkey. This study aims to draw attention to the subject and make contribution to the literature. The scope of the study was determined as accounting frauds that emerged in public companies subject to CMB audit between the years 2011-2020, and fraudulent and illegal transactions detected by scanning the CMB Bulletins were analyzed and classified. According to the findings obtained in the study, it was concluded that the fraudulent accounting methods used in different countries were also used in public companies in Turkey, but when compared with the fraud amounts and penalties applied to fraudulent transactions, they remained at very low levels and were far from deterrent. In addition, it is among the results that foreign affiliates and subsidiaries are used to hide these frauds, rather than the use of special purpose companies or off-shore companies as in Europe and America.

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