Buzul-Sonrası Marmara Denizi taraçaları ve su değişim dönemleri

Yarı kapalı Marmara Denizi, Ege Denizi (Kuzeydoğu Akdeniz) ve Karadeniz arasındaki bir geçişdenizidir. Marmara Denizi, sırasıyla İstanbul Boğazı (Bosporus) ve Çanakkale Boğazı (Dardanelles)ile Karadeniz ve Ege Denizlerine bağlantılıdır. Denizler arasındaki, Geç Pleistosen-Holosendönemi bağlantıları pek çok bilim adamı tarafından araştırılmasına rağmen, bağlantıların doğasıve zamanlaması konusunda hala belirsizlikler süregelmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, Karadeniz,Marmara Denizi ve Ege Denizi arasındaki Buzul Sonrası dönemde meydana gelen bağlantılar içinyeni bir yaklaşım sergilenmektedir.Bu çalışma, Marmara Denizi’nin kuzeydoğu şelfi nde (Silivri ile Haliç arasında) toplanan 80 adetsığ sismik yansıma profi line, çok ışınlı batimetrik verilerine ve 15 adet kısa ağırlıklı karot verilerinedayanmaktadır. Büyükçekmece / Küçükçekmece lagünlerinin Marmara Denizi ile bağlantı ve dahadoğuda Marmara-İstanbul Boğazı etkileşim alanlarında, deniz tabanı ve akustik taban morfolojileri,çok karmaşık bir yapıya sahiptirler. Bu karmaşık deniz tabanı ve akustik taban morfolojileri, temelolarak havzanın yapısı, şelfi n mevcut hidrografi k rejimi, kıyı drenaj sistemleri, deniz/göl su seviyesideğişiklikleri (iklimin kontrol ettiği) ve boğazların derinlikleri tarafından kontrol edilmektedir. Aynızamanda, tüm bu faktörlerin denizler arasındaki su alış verişini kontrol eden önemli faktörler olduğudüşünülmektedir.Sismik yansıma profillerinin ve ağırlıklı karot verilerinin sedimantolojik olarak incelenmesisonucunda, akustik taban üzerinde, beş farklı stratigrafi k birimin (S1-S5) ve dört farklı sedimanterkatmanın (A-D) ayırt edilmiştir. Akustik taban üzerinde yer alan alt stratigrafi k birimler vesedimanter tabakalar, karmaşık, paralel ve yüksek genlikli sismik yansımalarla ayırt edilmiştir.Akustik tabana ait tabakaların deniz yönüne doğru dalma göstermesi, karada yaygın olarak görülenOligosen-Üst Miyosen birimlerinin deniz tabanında da devam etmekte olduğununun bir kanıtıdır.Marmara Denizi’nin kuzeydoğu şelfi nde yer alan akustik taban yüzeyinde ayırt edilen üç farklıdeniz taraçası (T1-T3) buzul sonrası dönemdeki küresel deniz seviyesi değişimlerine ait altı farklıeğri ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. İstatistiksel açıdan, en belirgin taraçaların -78 m ila -80 m (T1), -58m ila -62 m (T2) ve -28 ila -32 m (T3) arasında yer aldığı saptanmıştır. Küresel deniz seviyesieğrileri göz önüne alındığında, bu taraçaların yaşları sırasıyla, 9.25, 12.25 ve 13.75 Cal kyr BPolarak tarihlendirilmiştir.

Post-Glacial Terraces of The Marmara Sea and water exchange periods

Semi enclosed Marmara Sea is a passage between the Aegean Sea (Northeastern Mediterranean Sea) and the Black Sea. The Marmara Sea is connected to the Black Sea and Aegean Sea through the İstanbul Strait (Bosphorus) and Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles), respectively. Despite the fact that the late Pleistocene-Holocene connections between the seas have been explored by many scientists, there are still uncertainties about the nature and timing of the connections. Within the scope of this study, a new approach has been displayed for post-glacial connections between the Black Sea, Marmara Sea and Aegean Sea. This study is based on 80 shallow seismic refl ection lines, multibeam bathymetric data and 15 short gravity cores collected from the northeastern shelf of the Marmara Sea (between Silivri and Golden Horn). The sea bottom and sub-bottom morphology have a highly chaotic structure at the exit of the Büyükçekmece/Küçükçekmece lagoons and further east near the Marmara- İstanbul Strait junction. This chaotic bottom and sub-bottom surface morphologies are mainly controlled by the structure of the basin, current regime of the shelf, coastal drainage systems and by the sea/lake water level changes controlled by climate and the sill depths of the two straits, which in turn determined the water exchange between the seas. The sedimentological interpretation of the seismic refl ection profi les and core sediments have allowed us to distinguish fi ve stratigraphic units (S1-S5) and four sedimentary layers (A-D) over the acoustic basement. The lower stratigraphic unit and sedimentary layer are separated from the overlying acoustic basement by a chaotic to parallel and by a high amplitude seismic refl ector. Seaward dipping units of the acoustic basement are inferred to be the seaward continuation of the Oligocene–Upper Miocene units widely exposed on land. The presence of three different marine terraces distinguished (T1-T3) along the northeastern shelf of the Marmara Sea have been associated with the six different curves of the post-glacial sea-level changes. From statistical point of view, the most signifi cant terraces occur from -78 m to -80 m (T1), -58 m to -62 m (T2) and -28 m to -32 m at (T3). Considering the global sea level curves, these terraces can be dated 9.25, 12.25 and 13.75 Cal kyr BP, respectively.

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Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 0026-4563
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 1950
  • Yayıncı: Cahit DÖNMEZ
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Ayşegül YILDIZ, Ali GÜREL, Dilan OKUTAN

Üst Kretase Zagros tebeşirli kireçtaşının (Kometan Formasyonu) jeolojisi ve eleştirel değerlendirmesi (Süleymaniye, KD Irak)

Kamal Haji KARIM, Sherzad Tofeeq AL-BARZINJY, Polla Azad KHANAQA

Üç Boyutlu cevher kütle modellemesi yardımı ile bir maden galerisinin planlanması: Çulfa Çukuru PbZn-Cu-Ag yatağından örnek bir çalışma

Elif AKISKA, Sinan AKISKA

Buzul-Sonrası Marmara Denizi taraçaları ve su değişim dönemleri

Vedat EDİGER, Sedat İNAN, Ruhi SAATÇILAR, Emin DEMİRBAĞ, Semih ERGİNTAV