Gülizar ACAR, Mehmet Özkan TİMURKAN, Hakan AYDIN, Seval Bilge DAĞALP

Tavşanların önemli bir viral hastalığı: Tavşanların hemorajik hastalığı

Tavşan hemorajik hastalığı (Rabbit Heamorajik Disease-RHD), Dünya çapında tavşanların en önemli hastalıklarından biri olarak kabul edilir ve tavşan yetiştiriciliği endüstrisi üzerinde ciddi bir ekonomik etkiye sahiptir. Hastalık ilk kez Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti'nin Jiangsu eyaletinde tespit edilmiş ve kısa sürede Dünya çapında yayılmıştır. Meksika RHD’yi başarılı bir şekilde eradike etmiştir. Ayrıca Avusturalya ve Yeni Zelanda’da Tavşanların Hemorajik Hastalık Virusu (Rabbit Heamorajik Disease Virus-RHDV) biyolojik kontrol ajanı olarak kullanılmaktadır. RHDV, Caliciviridae ailesi-Lagovirus cinsinin bir üyesidir. Genel olarak Avrupa yabani tavşanlarını (Oryctolagus cuniculus) etkileyen akut, oldukça bulaşıcı ve sıklıkla ölümle sonuçlanan bir enfeksiyondur. Hastalığın başlangıcında yüksek ateş, taşipne, anoreksi, siyanoz gibi klinik belirtiler görülürken ileri dönemlerde apati, letarji, dispne, spazmlar, konvulsiyonlar, opistotonus ve ölüm görülebilmektedir. RHDV’nin inkubasyon süresi 16-48 saat arasındadır ve bir populasyondaki morbidite-mortalite oranları %90-100 kadar yüksek olabilmektedir. Genç tavşanlarda maternal antikorlar koruma sağladığı için özellikle yetişkin tavşanlar hastalıktan daha çok etkilenmektedir. Evcil ve yabani tavşan populasyonları arasında yayılımın kolay olması göz önüne alınarak uygun biyogüvenlik ve immunoprofilaktik önlemlerin alınmasıyla hastalık sınırlandırılabilmektedir.Bu derlemede, tavşanların hemorajik hastalığı üzerine genel bir bilgi sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Caliciviridae, hemorajik hastalık virüsü, tavşan

An important viral disease of rabbits: Rabbit hemorrhagic disease

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is considered one of the most important diseases of rabbits worldwide and has a serious economic impact on the rabbit breeding industry.The disease was first detected in the Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China and rapidly spread around the world. Mexico has successfully eradicated the RHD. It is also used as a Rabbit Heamorajik Disease Virus (RHDV) biological control agent in Australia and New Zealand. RHDV is a member of the Caliciviridae family-Lagovirus genus. It is an acute, highly contagious and often fatal infection that generally affects European hares (Oryctolagus cuniculus). In the beginningof the disease, clinical symptoms such as high fever, tachypnea, anorexia, and cyanosis are observed, while apathy, lethargy, dyspnea, spasms, convulsions, opistotonus and death can be seen in the later stages. The incubation period of RHDV is between 16-48 hours and morbidity-mortality rates in a population can be as high as 90-100%. Since maternal antibodies provide protection in young rabbits, especially adult rabbits are more affected by the disease. Considering the ease of spread between domestic and wild rabbit populations, the disease can be limited by taking appropriate biosecurity and immunoprophylactic measures.In this review, general information on the hemorrhagic disease of rabbits is presented.

Keywords:

Caliciviridae, hemorrhagic disease virus, rabbit,

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