Farabi'ye Bir Hazırlık Olmak Üzere İslam Öncesi Türklerde Felsefe

Pre-Islamic Turkish Philosophical Thought as Ancilla to Farabi's Philosophy

We take up the philosophical endeavour of the pre-Islamic Turks in order to display how cultural encounter caused 'philosophy' to lose her radical meaning that was to befound in 'wisdom'. In addition, 'philosophy', eventually, enlarged her meaning, stepping beyond the bounds of 'wisdom'. In order to fid out philosophy's original meaning, embedded in wisdom, we undertake to investigate the philosophical thoughts of the Turks before they embraced Islam. The interesting point is that the founder of philosophical system as well as political science in Islam, the Tenth-century philosopher, greatest logician of his time and musicologist Fârâbî at-Turkî, known in the Muslim world as the Second Master, described in his momentous work "Tahsil al-Sa'âda" the radical absolute as well as hypothetical meanings of "wisdom" and 'philosophy'; how their denotations were altered while 'travelling' from one culture to the other. Fârâbî did not seem to be at odds with purely Turkish terms. The language was already at such a level that texts from Chinese and Sanskrit could be translated with an enormous success. Moreover, in texts originally edited by Turks themselves great importance was payed to problems of knowledge and to the philosophy of politics. In this context it is remarkable that certain authentic and very interesting concepts crop up. The most important among them is 'kut' (bliss). Turks, already in the pre-Islamic period, considered 'knowledge' as something 'blissful'. Knowledge is not a process deprived of purpose. Its objective is the grasp and discernment of truth and consequently avoiding or getting rid of falsehood. The apprehension of truth is justice. Therefore to have attained the stage of justice means to be in possession of true knowledge. He who possesses true knowledge is in a state of bliss. A person who finds himself in such a state is accordingly a 'wise' (eren) and 'brave' (alp) man. Among the Ancient Turks rulers we find men labelled as 'wise'. These were renowned for their justice and bravery. In this treatise we try to scrutinize wisdom's radical signification within the historical framework of the Turkish culture. We follow wisdom's denotation right down to its very roots where we explore the universal,necesary, true and exact knowledge itself. Thus 'wisdom' meant to the Ancient Turk access to universal, necessary, true and exact knowledge. The above-mentioned exploration of ours is based on texts which are listed in accordance with their historical sequence. The fragment we have extracted from Fârâbî's "Tahsil" serves as the basic piece to all the subsequent texts. We have translated Fârâbî's writing into Turkish, exposed there in wisdom's denotation and corroborated it within a chronological progression.