Birleşik Devletler'de Çağdaş Felsefe

Analitik felsefenin köklerinden kalkarak genel bir analitik felsefe tarihi veren bu makale, analitik-sentetik önermeler ayrımından değerlendirmeci-tanımlayıcı ifadeler ayrımına temas ederek bu bağlamda Quine, Austin, Wittgenstein ve Rawls'in analitik felsefeye katkılarına ve post-pozitivist felsefe bağlanımda Popper, Kuhn ve Feyerabend'in çalışmalarına yönelik özetler ve değerlendirmeler verir. Analitik felsefede yakın zamanlı gelişmeler olarak felsefe-biliş bilim ilişkisinden, nedensel delalet kuranıma, niyetsel anlam kuramlarından doğruluk-şartlı anlam kuramlarına ve Wittgenstein mirasına dayalı yeni yorumlamalara ayrıntıyla yoğunlaşan makale, analitik felsefenin önemli bir siması olarak John Searle'ün kendi felsefi yaklaşımlarına yönelik değerlendirmeler de içerir.

Leaning on the roots of the analytical philosophy and presenting a historical outlook of it with an attempt to investigate into the distinction between analytical-synthetic propositions and the one between descriptive-evaluative utterances, this essay gives useful insights and accounts on the philosophical contributions made by Quine, Austin, Wittgenstein and Rawls to the analytical philosophy, along with the works of Popper, Kuhn and Feyerabend in post-positivist philosophy of science. As recent developments in the analytical philosophy, this essay, focusing in detail on such subjects as philosophy-cognitive science relations, causal theory of meaning, intentionalistic theories of meaning, truth-conditional theories of meaning and new accounts based on Wittgenstein's legacy, also contains an account on John Searle's own philosophical approaches as an eminent figure of the analytical philosophy.

PDF

___

Austin, J. L. 1962: How to do Things with Words. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Donnellan, K. 1970: Proper Names and Identifying Descriptions. Synthese, 21, 335-58.

Feyerabend, P. 1975: Against Method. London: Humanities Press.

Grice, H. P. 1957: Meaning. Philosophical Review, 66. Grice, H. P. 1968: Utterer's Meaning, Sentence-Meaning, and Word-Meaning. Foundations of Language, 4, 1-18.

Kripke, S. 1972: Naming and Necessity. In G. Harman and D. Davidson (eds), Semantics of Natural Language, Dordrecht: Reidel Publishing Company. Kripke, S.1982: Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language. Cambridge, MA: Har vard University Press.

Kuhn, T. 1962: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Putnam, H. 1975: The Meaning of 'Meaning'. In his Philosophical Papers, Vol.2: Mind, Language and Reality, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Quine, W. V. O. 1953: Two Dogmas of Empiricism. In his From a Logical Point of View, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Rawls, J. 1971: A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Searle, J. R. 1964: How to Derive 'Ought' from 'Is'. Philosophical Review, 73. Searle, J. R. 1969: Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Searle, J. R. 1979: Expression and Meaning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Searle, J. R. 1980a: Minds, Brains and Programs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3,417-24. Searle, J. R. 1980b: Intrinsic Intentionality. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3, 450-6.

Searle, J. R. 1983: Intentionality: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Wittgenstein, L. 1953: Philosophical Investigations (translated by G. E. M. Anscombe). Oxford: Blackwell.