Aristoteles'in Toplumsal Sözleşmeye Bakışı

Düşünce tarihi, siyaset felsefesi ve ahlak alanlarında önemli bir yeri olan toplumsal sözleşme teorisi Aristoteles'e o kadar çekici gelmemektedir. Felsefecimiz bu kavramı reddetmemektedir; tersine, şehir-devleti dahil olmak üzere, toplumların ilk oluşumlarında toplumsal sözleşmenin rolünü kabul etmektedir. Bununla birlikte, çeşitli sakıncalarından dolayı, sözleşme fikri üzerine devletin veya bir siyaset ve ahlak sisteminin kurulabileceğine inanmamaktadır. Ona göre toplumsal sözleşme, şehir-devletinin hayatta kalma ve basit bir yaşam sürmenin belirleyici olduğu ilk aşamasına aitken, ikinci aşamada, yani devlet ve ahlaki hayat aşamasında ise erdemler ve adalet hakimdir.

Aristotle's View of the Social Contract

The theory of social contract which has occupied a significant place in the history of ideas, political philosophy as well as ethics does not seem to appeal much to Aristotle. He does not refute that notion; on the contrary he accepts the role of the social contract in the initial formation of societies, including the city-state. However he does not believe that one can establish the state or a complete political or ethical system upon the idea of contract due to its various drawbacks. For him, the social contract belongs to the first stage of the city-state marked by survival and leading a simple life, while the second stage, that is, the stage of the state and complete moral life is characterized by virtues and justice.

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