Okulu Terk Eden Ortaöğretim Öğrencilerinin Okulu Terk Etme Nedenleri ve Sosyo-Ekonomik Profilleri: Şanlıurfa Örneği
Bu çalışmanın amacı ortaöğretimde okul terkine neden olan faktörlerin belirlenmesidir. Araştırma betimsel tarama modelinde tasarlanmış ve nicel araştırma yöntemiyle veriler elde edilmiştir. Ortaöğretim düzeyinde okulu terk eden 2985 katılımcıdan veriler araştırma kapsamında geliştirilen Ortaöğretim Okul Terki Anketi ile toplanmıştır. Katılımcıların maddi imkânsızlık, başarısızlık, devamsızlık, açık lisede istenilen bölümün okunması, ailevi engeller, okulu sevmeme, öğretmenlerle ve okul yöneticileriyle sorun yaşama, üniversite sınavına hazırlanma, sağlık sorunları, evlilik, okula örgün devam etmeyi gereksiz bulma, taşınma, bakıma muhtaç ebeveynlere bakma ve disiplin cezası alma gibi nedenlerden dolayı okulu terk ettikleri belirlenmiştir. Okul yöneticileri ve öğretmeler başta olmak üzere tüm uygulayıcı ve karar alıcıların okul terkini öncelikli olarak ele alması, okul terkini azaltıcı müfredat içi ve dışı etkinliklere ilişkin öğrenci, öğretmen ve yönetici programlarının hazırlanarak uygulamaya konulması önerilmiştir.
Factors Contributing to Secondary School Dropouts and the Dropouts’ Socioeconomic Profiles: Şanlıurfa Sample
The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that cause students drop out of school in secondary education.This is a descriptive survey study and the quantitative research method was employed. 2985 secondaryschool dropouts participated in the study and the data was collected through “Secondary School Dropout Questionnaire”.According to the findings, participants had to drop out because of financial problems, failure,absenteeism, enrolling to open education, family problems, disliking the school, having problems with teachersand administrators, studying for university entrance exam, health problems, marriage, the idea that attending theschool is unnecessary, migration, having to take care of parents in need, and disciplinary penalties. Based on thefindings, it is suggested that especially school administrators and teachers, all practitioners and decision-makersneed to give priority to school dropout problem. In addition, for student, teacher and administrators, curricularand extracurricular activities and programs to reduce school dropout should be prepared and put into practice.Keywords: School dropout, secondary education, student, socioeconomicÖz
___
- AÇEV (2006). Türkiye’de ilköğretim okullarında okulu terk ve izlenmesi ile önlenmesine
yönelik politikalar (Haz: F. Gökşen, Z. Cemalcılar & F. Gülselel). İstanbul: AÇEV
Yayını.
- Alexander, K. L., Entwisle, D. R., & Horsey, C. S. (1997). From first grade forward: Early
foundations of high school dropout. Sociology of education, 87-107.
- Alkan, E. Ö. (2014). Parçalanmış Aile Modelindeki Öğrencilerin Eğitimdeki Başarı Durumları
(Trabzon Örneği). İnönü Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Yayımlanmamış
Doktora Tezi. Malatya.
- Allensworth, E. M., & Easton, J. Q. (2007). What Matters for Staying On-Track and Graduating
in Chicago Public High Schools: A Close Look at Course Grades, Failures,
and Attendance in the Freshman Year. Research Report. Consortium on Chicago
School Research.
- Alliance for Excellent Education (2011). The high cost of high school dropouts: What
the nation pays for inadequate high schools. Retrieved from https://all4ed.org/wpcontent/uploads/2013/06/HighCost.pdf
- American Psychological Association. (2012). Facing the school dropout dilemma. Washington,
DC: Author. http://www.apa.org/pi/families/resources/school-dropout-prevention.pdf
Erişim tarihi: 24 Aralık 2017.
- Andrei, T., Profiroiu, A., Profiroiu, M., & Iacob, A. I. (2011). School dropout in Romania
at the level of disadvantaged groups. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 28,
337-341.
- Archambault, I., Janosz, M., Morizot, J., & Pagani, L. (2009). Adolescent behavioral,
affective, and cognitive engagement in school: Relationship to dropout. Journal of
school Health, 79(9), 408-415.
- Battin-Pearson, S., Newcomb, M. D., Abbott, R. D., Hill, K. G., Catalano, R. F., & Hawkins,
J. D. (2000). Predictors of early high school dropout: A test of five theories. Journal
of educational psychology, 92(3), 568.
- Belfield, C. R., & Levin, H. M. (Eds.). (2007). The price we pay: Economic and social consequences
of inadequate education. Brookings Institution Press.
- Bowers, A. J., Sprott, R., & Taff, S. A. (2012). Do we know who will drop out? A review
of the predictors of dropping out of high school: Precision, sensitivity, and specificity.
The High School Journal, 77-100.
- Bryk, A. S., & Thum, Y. M. (1989). The effects of high school organization on dropping
out: An exploratory investigation. American Educational research journal, 26(3), 353-
383.
- Cabus, S. J., & De Witte, K. (2015). Does unauthorized school absenteeism accelerates
the dropout decision?–Evidence from a Bayesian duration model. Applied Economics
Letters, 22(4), 266-271.
- Del Greco, L., Walop, W., & McCarthy, R. H. (1987). Questionnaire development: 2. Validity
and reliability. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 136(7), 699.
- Ekstrom, R. B. (1986). Who drops out of high school and why? Findings from a national
study. Teachers College Record, 87(3), 356-73.
- Elliott, D. S., & Voss, H. L. (1974). Delinquency and dropout.
- EUROSTAT: Statistics Explained. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.
php/Glossary:Early_leaver_from_education_and_training Erişim Tarihi: 10.02.2018
- Finn, J. D. (1989). Withdrawing from school. Review of Educational Research, 59, 117-142.
- Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential
of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of educational research, 74(1), 59-109.
- Gaustad, J. (1991). Identifying Potential Dropouts. ERIC Digest.
- Hess Jr, G. A., & Greer, J. L. (1987). Bending the Twig: The Elementary Years and Dropout
Rates in the Chicago Public Schools. A Study of the Elementary School Effects
on Dropout Rates for the Class of 1982 with Comparisons with Students Leaving
Elementary Schools in 1986 (Class of 1990).
- Hupfeld, K. (2007). Resiliency skills and dropout prevention: A review of the literature.
Denver: ScholarCentric.
- Jacob, B. A. (2001). Getting tough? The impact of high school graduation exams. Educational
evaluation and policy analysis, 23(2), 99-121.
- Jimerson, S. R., Ferguson, P., Whipple, A. D., Anderson, G. E., & Dalton, M. J. (2002).
Exploring the association between grade retention and dropout: A longitudinal study
examining socio-emotional, behavioral, and achievement characteristics of retained
students. The California School Psychologist, 7(1), 51-62.
- Jordan, W. J., Lara, J., & McPartland, J. M. (1996). Exploring the causes of early dropout
among race-ethnic and gender groups. Youth & Society, 28(1), 62-94.
- Karasar, N. (2007). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları
- Kronick, R. F. (1994). The imperative of dealing with dropouts: theory, practice and reform.
Education, 114 (4), 530-538.
- Laird, J., Lew, S., DeBell, M., & Chapman, C. (2006). Dropout Rates in the United States:
2002 and 2003. ED TAB. NCES 2006-062. National Center for Education Statistics.
- Lamb, S., & Markussen, E. (2011). School dropout and completion: An international
perspective. In School Dropout and Completion (pp. 1-18). Springer, Dordrecht.
- Lamborn, S., Newmann, F., & Wehlage, G. (1992). The significance and sources of student
engagement. Student engagement and achievement in American secondary schools,
11-39.
- Lundetræ, K. (2011). Does parental educational level predict drop-out from upper secondary
school for 16-to 24-year-olds when basic skills are accounted for? A cross country
comparison. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 55(6), 625-637.
- Mahuteau, S., & Mavromaras, K. (2014). An analysis of the impact of socio-economic
disadvantage and school quality on the probability of school dropout. Education Economics,
22(4), 389-411.
- McMillens, M. M., Kaufman, P., & Whitener, S. D. (1996). Dropout Rates in the United
States, 1993. DIANE Publishing.
- MEB. (2013). Ortaöğretimde sınıf tekrarı, okul terk sebepleri ve örgün eğitim dışında kalan
çocuklar politika önerileri raporu. http://www.meb.gov.tr/earged/unicef/Sınıf%20Tekrarı,%20Okul%20Terki%20Politika%20Raporu.pdf
- MEB. (2017). MEB İstatistikleri- Örgün Eğitim 2011- 2012. Ankara: http://sgb.meb.gov.
tr/istatistik/meb_istatistikleri_örgün_eğitim_2011_2012.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 11 Ekim
2017.
- Özdemir, S., Erkan, S., Karip, E., Sezgin, F., & Şirin, H. (2010). İlköğretim okulu
öğrencilerinin okulu terk etme nedenleri ve çözüm önerileri.
- Pharris-Ciurej, N., Hirschman, C., & Willhoft, J. (2012). The 9th grade shock and the high
school dropout crisis. Social science research, 41(3), 709-730.
- Randolph, K. A., Fraser, M. W., & Orthner, D. K. (2006). A strategy for assessing the
impact of time-varying family risk factors on high school dropout. Journal of Family
Issues, 27(7), 933-950.
- Rotermund, S. (2007). Why students drop out of high school: Comparisons from three national
surveys. University of California, Santa Barbara.
- Rumberger, R. W. (1987). High school dropouts: A review of issues and evidence. Review
of Educational Research,57, 101-121.
- Rumberger, R. W. (2001). Why students drop out of school and what can be done. Paper
Presented for Conference: Dropouts in Americe: How severe is the problem? What
do we know about intervention and prevention? Harvard Graduate School of Education,
Cambridge, MA.
- Rumberger, R. W., & Lim, S. A. (2008). Why students drop out of school: A review of 25
years of research. Santa The truly Barbara, CA: California Dropout Research Project.
- Sander, W. (2001). Chicago public schools and student achievement. Urban Education,
36(1), 27-38.
- Şimşek, H. (2010). Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesindeki lise öğrencilerinin sosyal bütünleşme
düzeyleri ve gelecek beklentileri. 109K300 Nolu Proje Raporu. Ankara: TÜBİTAK.
- Şimşek, H. (2011). Lise öğrencilerinde okulu bırakma nedenleri ve eğilimleri. Eğitim Bilimleri
Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2): 27-47.
- Şimşek, H., & Akdemir, Ö. A. (2015). Üniversite öğrencilerinde okula yabancılaşma. Current
Research in Education, 1(1).
- Stearns, E., & Glennie, E. J. (2006). When and why dropouts leave high school. Youth &
Society, 38(1), 29-57.
- Tamer, M. G. (2014). Trabzon ili genel liselerde okulu terk nedenlerinin belirlenmesi.
Turkısh Journal of Education, 3(2), 16-37.
- Taylı, A. (2008). Eğitim sisteminde önemli bir sorun: okulu bırakma. Türk Psikolojik Danışma
ve Rehberlik Dergisi, III (30), 89-101. http://www.pdr.org.tr/dergi/index.php/
PDRD/article/vievFile/240/201 Erişim tarihi: 24 Aralık 2017.
- Teachman, J. D., Paasch, K., & Carver, K. (1996). Social capital and dropping out of school
early. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 773-783.
- Teachman, J. D., Paasch, K., & Carver, K. (1997). Social capital and the generation of
human capital. Social forces, 75(4), 1343-1359.
- TÜİK. (2013). İstatistiklerle Gençlik. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.
do?id=16055
- TUNÇ, A. İ. (2009). Kız çocuklarının okula gitmeme nedenleri (Van ili örneği). Yüzüncü
Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1).
- Uysal, A. (2008). Okulu bırakma sorunu üzerine tartışmalar: çevresel faktörler. Milli Eğitim.
178, 139-1150.
- Uysal, A., & Şahin, Y. (2007). Ortaöğretimde Okulu Bırakma Olgusunu Tetikleyen Yapısal/Çevresel
Faktörler, 16. Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi, Osmangazi Üniversitesi, TokatTürkiye.
- Wang, M. T., Willett, J. B., & Eccles, J. S. (2011). The assessment of school engagement:
Examining dimensionality and measurement invariance by gender and race/ethnicity.
Journal of School Psychology, 49(4), 465-480.
- Watt, D., & Roessingh, H. (1994). ESL dropout: The myth of educational equity. Alberta
Journal of Educational Research.
- White, S. W., & Kelly, F. D. (2010). The school counselor’s role in school dropout prevention.
Journal of Counseling & Development, 88(2), 227-235.
- Witte, K., & Rogge, N. (2013). Dropout from secondary education: all’s well that begins
well. European journal of education, 48(1), 131-149.