İbrahim KOÇ, Şenol YILDIZ, Erdal Necip YARDIM

Effect of Some Pesticides and Wood Vinegar on Soil Nematodes in a Wheat Agro-Ecosystem

In this study, the effects of some pesticides and wood vinegar on freeliving nematode trophic groups common in soil were investigated in awheat field. Field experiments were conducted in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 growing seasons in a winter wheat field with a randomized blockdesign with four replicates in Muş Province, Turkey. The treatmentswere consisted of; 1) pesticide application (i.e., chemicals used for allwheat diseases, weeds and pests in the region), 2) 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and5% ml wood vinegar, which equates to pesticide application, and 3)untreated control In the field, 19 genera and one order of nematodeswere found from five nematode trophic groups. In 2014-2015 and2015-2016, the number of predator nematodes were 25 and 136, andthe number of the most common plant parasitic nematodes were 3012and 3657, respectively. From first to second growing season, thenumber of omnivore nematodes decreased, whereas other nematodegroups increased. According to a simple correspondence analysis, itwas determined that generally, there were significant connectionsbetween the treatments, and the measured properties and nematodetrophic groups.

Bazı Pestisitler ve Odun Sirkesinin Buğday Agro-Ekosistemindeki Toprak Nematodlarına Etkileri

Bu çalışmada, bazı pestisitlerin ve odun sirkesinin buğday tarlasında toprakta yaygın olarak serbest yaşayan trofik düzeyinde nematod gruplarına etkileri araştırılmıştır. Tarla denemeleri, Muş İlinde 2014- 2015 ve 2015-2016 üretim sezonlarında kışlık buğday tarlasında tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü yapılmıştır. Muameleler; 1) pestisit uygulaması (bölgede buğdayda görülen hastalık, yabancı ot ve zararlılara karşı kullanılan kimyasal ilaçlar), 2) pestisit uygulamasına tekabül eden %0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 ve 5 ml odun sirkesi uygulamaları ve 3) herhangi pestisit ve odun sirkesi uygulamasının yapılmadığı kontrol uygulaması şeklinde yapılmıştır. Deneme alanında beş trofik gruptan, 19 cins ve 1 takım düzeyinde nematod tespit edilmiştir. 2014-2015 ve 2015-2016’da avcı nematod sayısı sırasıyla 25 ve 136 olup, en sık rastlanan bitki parazit nematodların sayısı 3012 ve 3657'dır. 2014-2015 ve 2015-2016 yılları arasında omnivor nematod sayısı azalırken diğer nematod gruplarında artış gözlenmiştir. Basit uyum analizleri sonuçlarına göre, muameleler ile ölçülen özellikler ve trofik düzeyindeki nematod grupları arasında genel olarak anlamlı ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir.

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