MEHMET ZAHİT YEKEN, Muhammad Azhar NADEEM, Tolga KARAKÖY, Faheem Shehzad BALOCH, Vahdettin ÇİFTÇİ

Determination of Turkish Common Bean Germplasm for Morpho-agronomic and Mineral Variations for Breeding Perspectives in Turkey

Turkey is lavished with hundreds of common bean landraces. Thepresent study was aimed to investigate the agronomic and mineralvariations in 80 common bean landraces collected from 11 differentprovinces of Turkey. Genotypic variation expressed as a range forsome traits like days to maturity (90-141 days), plant height (25.25-361.50 cm), 1000 seeds weight (140-633 g), Iron (66.48-128.05 mg kg1), and Zinc (20.56-42.01 mg kg-1). Positive and highly significantcorrelation of Magnesium with Iron and Zinc was observed andanalytic results derived from the first 3 eigenvectors suggested thatdays to pod setting, Zinc, and 1000 seeds weight were main variationcontributing traits. Among the provinces, landraces from Tunceliperformed well for agronomic traits and Malatya provinces landraceswere found enrich for mineral traits. Landraces E-26 and S-19reflected higher Fe and Zn contents, and higher yield, respectively.Cluster analysis divided the studied germplasm on the basis of plantheight and geographic. Information provided herein can be helpful forthe development of candidate varieties having higher yield withgreater mineral contents.

Türkiye’deki Islah Çalışmaları İçin Türk Fasulye Genetik Kaynaklarının Morfo-Agronomik ve Mineral İçerik Varyasyonlarının Belirlenmesi

Türkiye yüzlerce farklı fasulye popülasyonuna sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin 11 farklı ilinden toplanmış 80 fasulye popülasyonunun agronomik ve mineral varyasyonlarının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Genotipik varyasyonun; olgunlaşma gün sayısı (90-141 gün), bitki boyu (25.25-361.50 cm), 1000 tohum ağırlığı (140-633 g), demir (66.48-128.05 mg kg-1) ve çinko (20.56-42.01 mg kg1) arasında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Magnezyum, demir ve çinko ile pozitif ve oldukça anlamlı bir korelasyon göstermiş ve ilk 3 öz değerden elde edilen analitik sonuçlar, bakla bağlama gün sayısı, çinko ve 1000 tane ağırlığının varyasyona katkı yapan ana özellikler olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. İller arasında, Tunceli popülasyonları agronomik özellikler, Malatya popülasyonlarının ise mineral özellikler bakımından zengin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. E-26 ve S-19 fasulye popülasyonları yüksek demir, çinko ve verim özelliklerine sahip olmuşlardır. Kümeleme analizi, genetik kaynakları bitki boyu ve coğrafik özelliklerine göre ayırmıştır. Elde edilen bulguların, yüksek verim ve mineral içeriğe sahip aday çeşitlerin geliştirilmesinde kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

PDF

___

Anonymous 2001. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Variety Registration and Seed Certification Center, https://www.tarim orman.gov.tr/BUGEM/TTSM/Belgeler/Tescil/ Teknik%20Talimatlar/Yemeklik%20Tane%20Bakl agiller/yemeklik%20tane%20baklagiller.pdf. (access April 10, 2015)

Anonymous 2015a. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Bolu Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Laboratory. Anonymous 2015b. Turkish State, Meteorological Service. https://www.mgm.gov.tr, (access May 10, 2017).

Arystanbekkyzy M, Nadeem MA, Aktaş H, Yeken MZ, Zencirci N, Nawaz MA, Ali F, Haider MS, Tunc K, Chung G, Baloch FS 2019. Phylogenetic and Taxonomic Relationship of Turkish Wild and Cultivated Emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) Revealed by iPBS-retrotransposons Markers. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 21(1): 155-63.

AOAC 1984. Official Method of Analysis. 14th ed. Washington, DC, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.

Aydın MF, Baloch FS 2018. Exploring the genetic diversity and population structure of Turkish common bean germplasm by the iPBSretrotransposons markers. Legume Research. LR423:1-7.

Baloch FS, Alsaleh A, Shahid MQ, Çiftçi V, de Miera LE, Aasim M, Nadeem MA, Aktaş H, Özkan H, Hatipoğlu R 2017 A whole genome DArTseq and SNP analysis for genetic diversity assessment in durum wheat from central fertile crescent. Plos one. 12(1): e0167821.

Barclay DV, Heredia L, Gil-Ramos J, Montalvo MM, Lozano R, Mena M, Dirren H 1996. Nutritional status of institutionalized elderly in Ecuador. Archivos latinoamericanos de nutricion. 46: 122-7.

Bevilaqua GA, Antunes IF 2015. Chemical Composition of Whole Grains in Common Beans Landraces and Breeding Genotypes. Holos. 2: 81- 91.

Blair MW, Astudillo C, Grusak MA, Graham R, Beebe SE 2009. Inheritance of seed iron and zinc concentrations in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Molecular Breeding. 23(2): 197-207.

Blair MW 2013. Mineral biofortification strategies for food staples: the example of common bean. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 61(35): 8287-94.

Boros L, Wawer A, Borucka K 2014. Morphological, phenological and agronomical characterisation of variability among common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) local populations from The National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources: Polish Genebank. J Hortic Res 22: 123-30.

Casquero PA, Lema M, Santalla M, De Ron AM 2006. Performance of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces from Spain in the Atlantic and Mediterranean environments. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 53(5):1021-32.

Celmeli T, Sari H, Canci H, Sari D, Adak A, Eker T, Toker C 2018. The Nutritional Content of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Landraces in Comparison to Modern Varieties. Agronomy. 8(9):166.

Çiftçi V, Şensoy S, Kulaz H 2012. Doğu Anadolu’nun Güneyinde Yetiştirilen Fasulye Gen Kaynaklarının Toplanması ve Değerlendirilmesi, Tübitak 109O163 Nolu Proje Sonuç Raporu (in Turkish). FAO 2010. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/news/ archive/news-by-date/2010/en/?page=5&ipp=10 (accessed on 5 September 2018).

FAO 2012. FAO Statistical Yearbook 2012 [online]. Website http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/i3138e/ i3138e.pdf (accessed on 5 September 2018).

FAO 2016. FAO/UNESCO soil map of the world [online]. Website http://www.fao.org/soilsportal/soil-survey/soil-maps-and-databases/ faounesco-soil-map-of-the-world/en/ (accessed on 5 September 2018).

Gesto-Seco EM, Moreda-Pineiro A, Bermejo-Barrera A, Barrera-Bermejo P 2009. Multi-element determination in raft mussels by fast microwaveassisted acid leaching and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Talanta. 72: 1178-1185.

Godfray HC, Beddington JR, Crute IR, Haddad L, Lawrence D, Muir JF, Pretty J, Robinson S, Thomas SM, Toulmin C 2010. Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people. Science. 327(5967):812-8.

Khaidizar MI, Haliloglu K, Elkoca E, Aydin M, Kantar F 2012. Genetic diversity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces grown in northeast Anatolia of Turkey assessed with simple sequence repeat markers. Turkish Journal of Field Crops.17:145-50.

Khush GS, Lee S, Cho JI, Jeon JS 2012. Biofortification of crops for reducing malnutrition. Plant Biotechnology Reports. 6(3):195-202.

Madakbas SY, Ergin M 2011. Morphological and phenological characterization of Turkish bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes and their present variation states. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 6(28):6155-6166,

Murphy JA, Riley JP 1962. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta. 27:31-6.

Nadeem MA, Habyarimana E, Çiftçi V, Nawaz MA, Karaköy T, Comertpay G, Shahid MQ, Hatipoğlu R, Yeken MZ, Ali F, Ercişli S 2018. Characterization of genetic diversity in Turkish common bean gene pool using phenotypic and whole-genome DArTseqgenerated silicoDArT marker information. PloS one. 13(10): e0205363.

Nwadike C, Okere A, Nwosu D, Okoye C, Vange T, Apuyor B 2018. Proximate and Nutrient Composition of Some Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) Accessions of Jos-Plateau, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International. 15(1): 1-9.

Paredes M, Becerra V, Tay J 2009. Inorganic nutritional composition of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes race Chile. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research. 69(4):486-95.

Petry N, Boy E, Wirth J, Hurrell R 2015. The potential of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) as a vehicle for iron biofortification. Nutrients. 7(2):1144-73.

Rana JC, Sharma TR, Tyagi RK, Chahota RK, Gautam NK, Singh M, Sharma PN, Ojha SN, 2015.

Characterization of 4274 accessions of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm conserved in the Indian gene bank for phenological, morphological and agricultural traits. Euphytica. 205: 441-57.

Ronoh AK, Were GM, Mueni MM 2017. Biofortified Crops Can Alleviate Micronutrient Deficiencies: Review of Evidence from Randomized Feeding Trials. Vitam Miner 6: 154.

Sanghvie T, Ross J, Heymann H 2007. Why is reducing vitamin and mineral deficiencies critical for development. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 28(1):167-173.

Sharma MK, Mishra S, Rana NS 2009. Genetic divergence in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pole type cultivars. Legume Research. 32: 220-3.

Singh SP, Schwartz HF (2010) Breeding common bean for resistance to diseases: a review. Crop Science. 50(6):2199-223.

Stoilova T, Pereira G, Souso de MMT, Carnide V 2005. Diversity in common bean landraces (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from Bulgaria and Portugal. Journal of Central European Agriculture. 6(4): 443-448.

Stoilova T, Pereira G, De Sousa M 2013. Morphological characterization of a small common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) collection under different environments. Journal of Central European Agriculture. 14, 19.

Yeken MZ, Kantar F, Çancı H, Özer G, Çiftçi V 2018a. Breeding of Dry Bean Cultivars Using Phaseolus vulgaris Landraces in Turkey. International Journal of Agricultural and Wildlife Sciences. 4: 45- 54.

Yeken MZ, Akpolat H, Karaköy T, Çiftçi V 2018b. Assessment of Mineral Content Variations for Biofortification of the Bean Seed. International Journal of Agricultural and Wildlife Sciences. 4(2):261-269.