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Babürlüler Devri (1526-1858) Saray Resim Atölyesi ve Doğu Hindistan Şirketi Resim Etkinlikleri

Babürlüler döneminde Hindistan’da yaşanan büyük kültürel zenginliğin temellerinde onların coğrafyaya getirdiği Orta Asya ve İran birikimlerinin yanı sıra yerel kültür ile kurdukları bağların da etkisi büyük olmuştur. Bu çeşitlilik üçüncü hükümdar Ekber Şah’tan (1556-1605), son hükümdar II. Bahadır Şah (1837-1858) dönemine kadar saray resim atölyesinde yoğun olarak izlenebilmektedir. Özellikle Ekber Şah döneminde Avrupalı elçi ve misyonerlerin batılı üslupları saraya tanıtmalarıyla birlikte resim sanatı farklı bir boyuta taşınmıştır. İngilizlerin kurduğu Doğu Hindistan Şirketi coğrafyada ticari olarak faaliyetlerini artırdıkça diğer alanlarda da etkin bir güç olmaya başlamıştı. Şirket yetkilileri mimari anlamda birçok önemli binanın inşasına, sanat alanında üretime müdahil olmuştur. Doğu Hindistan şirketi, resim alanındaki faaliyetleriyle Hindistan’da sahip olduğu gücü Avrupa’ya görsel dille tanıtma ve yayma yoluna gitmiştir. Şirketin resim sanatına gösterdiği ilgi, 18. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren yerli sanatçıların şirket sahipleri, yönetici ve çalışanlarının hamiliğinde resim üretmelerine olanak sağlamıştır. Bu resimler, bilimsel ve ticari amaçlarla hazırlandığı kadar, sosyal, kültürel ve sanatsal aktarımı da içinde barındıran, dönemin siyasi meselelerini belgeler nitelikte üretimlerdir. Şirket resimleri olarak bilinen bu resimler, hamilerin istekleri doğrultusunda konulara yönelirken, yeni bir üslubun doğmasına da neden olmuştur. Bu çalışma, Babür saray atölyelerindeki resim üretimini üslup ve konu bakımından ele alırken diğer taraftan Şirket resimlerinin Babür resmiyle etkileşimi ve ayrımı üzerine odaklanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sanat tarihi, Babürlüler, Babür resim sanatı, Doğu Hindistan Şirketi, şirket resmi.

Baburid Era Court Painting Atelier and East India Company Painting Activities

On the foundations of the great cultural richness experienced in India during the Baburid era, the Central Asian and Iranian accumulations Baburids brought to the geography had a great impact along the ties they established with the local culture. This variety can be observed intensively in the court painting ateliers from the reign of the third emperor Akbar Shah (1556-1605), until the last emperor Bahadur Shah II (1837-1858). Especially during the reign of Akbar Shah, the art of painting moved to a different dimension with the introduction of western styles to the palace by European ambassadors and missionaries. As the East India Company, which was established by the British, increased its commercial activities in the geography, it started to become an effective power in other areas as well. Company officials have been involved in the construction of many significant buildings in terms of architecture and production in the field of art. The East India company, with its activities in the field of painting, has tried to introduce and spread the power it has in India to Europe through visual language. The company's interest in painting enabled local artists to produce paintings for commercial purposes under the patronage of company owners, managers, and employees since the second half of the 18th century. These paintings are productions that document the political issues of the period, which include social, cultural, and artistic transfer as well as scientific and commercial purposes. The paintings, known as company paintings, have led to the emergence of a new style whilst tending to the subjects in line with the wishes of the benefactors. While this study deals with the painting production in the Baburid court ateliers in terms of style and subject, on the other hand, it focuses on the interaction and distinction of the Company and Baburid paintings.

Keywords:

Art history, Baburids, Baburid painting, East India Company, company painting.,

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