Kemal AKSOY, Abdülkerim DENİZ, Mert METİN, Gülten Emek TUNA

Süt İneklerinde Subklinik Ketozis Teşhisi İçin Portatif Beta-Hidroksibütirik Asit Analiz Cihazının Validasyonu

Süt çiftliklerinde beta-hidroksibütirik asidin (BHBA) doğru bir cihazla ölçülmesi, subklinik ketozisin (SCK) veya klinik ketozisin hızlı teşhisi için önemlidir. Taidoc BHBA taşınabilir analiz cihazının doğruluğu henüz valide edilmemiştir. Bu çalışma, Taidoc BHBA analiz cihazını valide etmek için daha önceden validasyonu yapılmış Wellion cihazı ile 84 süt ineğinde karşılaştırılarak yapılmıştır. Süt ineklerinde V. coccygea’dan alınan bir damla kan Taidoc ve Wellion ile analiz edilmiştir. BHBA konsantrasyonlarının ortalamaları Wellion ve Taidoc için sırasıyla 0,79±0,66 ve 1,09±0,51 mmol.l-1 olarak bulunmuştur. İki cihaz arasında korelasyon katsayısı r=0,64 (p<0,001) çıkmıştır. Passing-Bablok regresyon denklemiyle (y=0,0664+0,06111x) yöntem karşılaştırması, iki cihaz arasında bir uyum olmadığını gösterdi. Intercept ve slope sırasıyla 0.0 ve 1.0'ı içermemiştir. Bland-Altman uyum grafikleri, ortalama sapmanın 0,30 mmol.l-1 ve toplam sapmanın 2,02 mmol.l-1 olduğunu gösterdi ki, bu kabul edilemeyecek kadar yüksek çıkmıştır. Ağırlıklı kappa değeri 0.26 çıkmış ve bu değer minimum derecede bir uyumu göstermiştir. SCK’nın teşhisi için BHBA≥1,2 mmol.l-1 kesme noktasında eğri altındaki alan, duyarlılık ve özgüllük sırasıyla 0,78, %64,7 ve %91,0 çıkmıştır. Süt inekleri için Taidoc ve Wellion BHBA taşınabilir analiz cihazları arasında bir uyum bulunmamış ve cihazlar birbirlerinin yerine kullanılamazlar. Taidoc, Wellion'dan çok daha yüksek BHBA değerleri vermiştir ve SCK teşhisi için duyarlılığı ve özgüllüğü Wellion ile karşılaştırılabilir oranda değildir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Beta-hidroksibütirik asit, Süt ineği, Subklinik ketozis, Taidoc, Wellion

Validation of A Portable Beta-Hydroxybutyric Acid Analyser for The Diagnosis of Subclinical Ketosis in Dairy Cows

On-farm determination of beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) with an accurate analyser is important for rapid diagnosis of subclinical ketosis (SCK) or clinical ketosis in dairy cows. The accuracy of the Taidoc BHBA portable analyser has not yet been tested and validated. The objective was the validation of the Taidoc BHBA analyser with another device Wellion (already validated) in 84 dairy cows. Whole blood was collected from the coccygeal vein and immediately analysed with Taidoc and Wellion in one drop of whole venous blood of 84 dairy cows. The averages of BHBA concentration were 0.79±0.66 and 1.09±0.51 mmol.l-1 for Wellion and Taidoc, respectively. The correlation coefficient was r=0.64 (p<0.001). Method comparison by the Passing-Bablok regression equation (y=0.0664+0.06111x) showed no agreement between the two instruments. The intercept A and slope B did not include 0.0 and 1.0, respectively. The Bland-Altman plots of agreement indicated that the mean deviation was 0.30 mmol.l-1 and the total deviation was 2.02 mmol.l-1, which was unacceptably high. The weighted kappa value was 0.26, indicating minimal agreement. AUC, sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of SCK at cut-off point ≥1.2 mmol.l-1 BHBA were 0.78, 64.7% and 91.0%, respectively. There was no agreement between the Taidoc and the Wellion BHBA portable analyser for dairy cows and they cannot be used interchangeably. Taidoc gave much higher BHBA values than Wellion and its sensitivity and specificity for SCK diagnosis was not comparable to Wellion.

Keywords:

Beta-hydroxybutyric acid, Dairy cow, Subclinical ketosis, Taidoc, Wellion,

PDF

___

Aksoy, K., Deniz, A., Demir S., Onmaz, A.C. (2022). Blood and Milk Beta- hydroxybutyric Acid Concentrations in Diff erent Dairy Cattle Breeds and Association of Subclinical Ketosis with Postpartum Health Disorders, Culling Rate, Body Condition Score, Parity and Milk Production in Holstein. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 28 (2): 235-246.
Berge, A.C., Vertenten, G. (2013). A field study to determine the prevalence, dairy herd management systems, and fresh cow clinical conditions associated with ketosis in western European dairy herds. Journal of Dairy Science, 97: 2145–2154.
Bland, J.M., Altman, D.G. (1999). Measuring agreement in method comparison studies. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 8:135‐160.
Carrier, J., Stewart, S., Godden, S., Fetrow, J., Rapnicki, P. (2004). Evaluation and Use of Three Cowside Tests for Detection of Subclinical Ketosis in Early Postpartum Cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 87:3725–3735.
Cohen, J. (1960). A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20: 37-46.
Deniz, A., Aksoy K., Metin, M. (2020). Transition period and subclinical ketosis in dairy cattle: association with milk production, metabolic and reproductive disorders and economic aspects. Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 76 (9): 495-502.
Duffield, T.F. (2000). Subclinical ketosis in lactating dairy cattle. The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice, 16, 231-253.
Jansen, H.M., Zschiesche, M., Albers, D., Wemheuer, W., Sharifi, A.R., Hummel, J. (2021). Accuracy of Subclinical Ketosis Detection with Rapid Test Methods for BHBA in Blood in Commercial Dairy Farms. Dairy, 2: 671-683. Jensen, A.L., Kjelgaard-Hansen, M. (2006). Method comparison in the clinical laboratory. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 35:276-286.
Geishauser, T., Leslie, K., Tenhag, J., Bashiri, A. (2000). Evaluation of Eight Cow-Side Ketone Tests in Milk for Detection of Subclinical Ketosis in Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science, Feb;83(2):296-299.
Giavarina, D. (2015). Understanding Bland Altman analysis. Biochemia Medica, 25: 141–151.
Iwersen, M., Falkenberg, U., Voigtsberger, R., Forderung, D., Heuwieser, W. (2009). Evaluation of an electronic cowside test to detect subclinical ketosis in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 92, 1–7.
Iwersen, M., Klein-Jöbstl, D., Pichler, M., Roland, L., Fidlschuster, B., Schwendenwein, I., Drillich, M. (2013). Comparison of 2 electronic cowside tests to detect sub¬clinical ketosis in dairy cows and the influence of the tem¬perature and type of blood sample on the test results. Journal of Dairy Science, 96: 7719-7730.
Khol, J.L., Freigassner, K., Stannitznig, A., Tichy, A., Wittek, T. (2019). Evaluation of a handheld device for the measurement of beta-hydroxybutyrate in capillary blood obtained by the puncture of the vulva as well as in venous whole blood in cattle. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 22: 557–564.
Macmillan, K., López, Helguera, I., Behrouzi, A., Gobikrushanth, M., Hoff, B., Colazo, M.G. (2017). Accuracy of a cow-side test for the diagnosis of hyperketonemia and hypoglycemia in lactating dairy cows. Research in Veterinary Science, Dec; 115:327-331.
McHugh, M.L. (2012). Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic. Biochemia Medica, 22(3): 276-282.
Metin, M., Aksoy, K., Pekmezci, A., Deniz, A. (2023). Comparison of the blood gas analyser Edan i15 Vet with the blood gas analyser Gem Premier 3000 for the analysis of blood gases, electrolytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit in lactating Holsteins. Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 79 (2), 83-90.
Mostert, P.F., Bokkers, E.A.M., van Middelaar, C.E., Hogeveen, H., de Boer, I.J.M. (2017). Estimating the economic impact of subclinical ketosis in dairy cattle using a dynamic stochastic simulation model. Animal, 1-10.
Pineda, A., Cardoso, F.C. (2015). Technical note: Validation of a handheld meter for measuring β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in plasma and serum from dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 98: 8818-8824.
Simundic, A.M. (2009). Measures of diagnostic accuracy: basic definitions. EJIFCC, 19:203-2011.
Steeneveld, W., Amuta, P., van Soest, F.J.S., Jorritsma, R., Hogeveen, H. (2020). Estimating the combined costs of clinical and subclinical ketosis in dairy cows. PLoSONE, 15(4):e0230448.
Suthar, V.S., Canelas-Raposo, J., Deniz, A., Heuwieser, W. (2013). Prevalence of subclinical ketosis and relationships with postpartum diseases in European dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 96: 2925-2938.
Tatone, E.H., Gordon, J.L., Hubbs, J., LeBlanc, S.J., DeVries, T.J., Duffield, T.F. (2016). A systematic review and meta-analy¬sis of the diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care tests for the detection of hyperketonemia in dairy cows. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 130: 18-32.
Trevethan, R. (2017). Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values, foundations, pliabilities, and pitfalls in research and practice. Frontiers in Public Health, 5:1-7.
Voyvoda, H., Erdogan, H. (2010). Use of a hand-held meter for detecting subclinical ketosis in dairy cows. Research in Veterinary Science, Dec;89(3):344-351.
Zulle, L.B. (2011). Comparison of methods: Passing-Bablok regression. Biochemia Medica, 21: 49-52.