Memiş BOLACALI, Yahya ÖZTÜRK, Orhan YILMAZ, Mürsel KÜÇÜK, Mehmet Akif KARSLI

Kıl Keçilerinin Döl ve Süt Verimi Özellikleri Üzerine Genetik Olmayan Faktörlerin Etkisi

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yarı entansif ve kurak az nemli iklim koşullarında yetiştirilen Kıl keçilerinin döl verimi ve süt verimi üzerine genetik olmayan faktörlerin etkisini belirlemek ve bu faktörler arasındaki fenotipik korelasyonu araştırmaktır. Gebelik süresi (GL), gebelik başına düşen tohumlama sayısı (NSPC), laktasyon uzunluğu (LL), laskyason süt verimi (LMY) ve günlük süt verimi (DMY) üzerine genetik olmayan faktörlerin değerlendirilmesinde Genear linear model, diğer döl verim parametrelerinin değerlendirilmesinde ise Chi-square metodu kullanılmıştır. Tabii tohumlama yapılan gruptaki keçilerin gebelik oranı, doğu m oranı ve tek doğum oranı suni tohumlama uygulananlardan daha yüksek iken, NSPC sayısı daha düşüktür. Yaş arttıkça LL, LMY ve DMY artmış (P<0.001), NSPC azalmış (P<0.001), tek ve ikiz doğum oranları ise dalgalanma göstermiştir (P<0.01). En iyi döl verimi ve süt verimi nin 5 ve daha yukarı yaşlı ve 45.0-49.9 kg canlı ağırlığındaki keçilerde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Fluorogestone acetate içeren intravajinal sünger ile senkronizasyon ile tabii tohumlama uygulaması nın keçilerde oğlak verimini arttırdığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

suni tohumlama, östrüs senkronizasyonu, süt verimi, döl verimi

Effect of Non-Genetic Factors on The Reproductive Performance and Milk Yield Characteristics of Hair Goats

The aim of this study was to determine the potential effect of non-genetic factors on certain production characteristics of Hair goats raised under semi-intensive management and dry- sub humid conditions, and to investigate phenotypic correlations between these traits. A generalized linear model was used to investigate the effect of non-genetic factors on gestation length (GL), number of services per conception (NSPC), lactation length (LL), lactation milk yield (LMY) and daily milk yield (DMY), while the Chi-square method was used to evaluate other fertility parameters. The pregnancy rate, birth rate and single-birth rate in the Traditional Group were higher, while the infertility rate and NSPC were lower, than those in the Artificial Group (P<0.001). Furthermore, it was determined that LL, LMY and DMY increased (P<0.001), the NSPC decreased (P<0.001), and birth and twinning rates fluctuated (P<0.01) as age increased. The best fertility and milk yield characteristics were in the ≥5 year-old-goats and live weights of 45.0-49.9 kg. In addition, it was determined that kid yield was increased in the goats synchronized with intravaginal sponges impregnated with fluorogestone acetate and in those bred via the traditional method.

Keywords:

artificial insemination, estrus synchronization, milk yield, reproductive performance,

PDF

___

Akçapınar H, Özbeyaz C. Basic information of animal breeding (in Turkish). 1999; Ankara, ISBN: 975-96978-0-7.
Arrebola FA, Pardo B, Sanches M, Lopez MD, Perez-Marin CCI. Factors influencing the success of an artificial insemination program in Florida goats. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 2012: 10; 338-344.
Atay O, Gokdal Ö. Some production traits and phenotypic relationships between udder and production traits of Hair goats. Indian J. Anim. Res. 2016: 50; 983-988.
Bhattacharyya HK, Ganai NA, Khan HM. Fertility of local goats of Kashmir using frozen semen of Boer bucks. Wudpecker Journal of Agricultural Research. 2012: 1; 346-348.
Bolacalı M, Küçük M. Fertility and milk production characteristics of Saanen goats raised in Muş Region. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2012: 18; 351-358.
Cinar M, Ceyhan A, Yilmaz O, Erdem H. Effect of estrus synchronization protocols including pgf (2 alpha) and gnrh on fertility parameters in Hair goats during breeding season. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences. 2017: 27; 1083-1087.
Dadi H, Duguma G, Shelima B, Fayera T, Tadesse M, Woldu T, Tucho TA. Non-genetic factors influencing post-weaning growth and reproductive performances of Arsi-Bale goats. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 2008: 20; Article #114.
Eken M, Ceylan A, Taştekin AT, Şahin H, Şensoy S. Klimatoloji II, DMİ Yayınları Yayin No: 2008/4, Ankara.
EUD. European Union Directive: Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. Official Journal of the European Union, 2010: L276; 33-79.
Faruque S, Chowdhury SA, Siddiquee NU, Afroz MA. Performance and genetic parameters of economically important traits of Black Bengal goat. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 2010: 8; 67–78.
Furstoss V, David I, Fatet A, Boissard K, Clément V, Bodin L. Genetic and non-genetic factors related to the success of artificial insemination in dairy goats. Animal. 2015: 9; 1935-1942.
Gül S, Keskin M, Göçmez Z, Gündüz Z. Effects of supplemental feeding on performance of Kilis goats kept on pasture condition. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2016: 15; 110-115.
Greyling JPC. Reproduction traits in the Boer goat doe. Small Ruminant Research. 2000: 36; 171-177.
Haldar A, Pal P, Datta MD, Paul R, Pal SK, Majumdar D, Biswas CK, Pan S. Prolificacy and its relationship with age, body weight, parity, previous litter size and body linear type traits in meat-type goats. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2014: 27; 628–634.
Hoque MA, Amin MR, Baik DH. Genetic and non-genetic causes of variation in gestation length, litter size and litter weight in goats. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2002: 5; 772-776.
Ibnelbachyr M, Boujenane I, Chikhi A. Non-genetic effects on reproductive and growth traits of Draa goats. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 2014: 26; 228-232.
Ibnelbachyr M, Boujenane I, Chikhi A, Noutfia Y. Effect of some non-genetic factors on milk yield and composition of Draa indigenous goats under an intensive system of three kiddings in 2 years. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2015: 47; 727-33.
ICAR. International Agreement of Recording Practices, ICAR Recording Guidelines, Secretariat of ICAR, Via Savoia 78, sc. A int. 3, 00198 Roma, Italy, 2016: pp 77-88.
Idowu ST, Adewumi OO. Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting yield and milk composition in goats. J Adv Dairy Res. 2017: 5; 175, 1-4.
Ishag IA, Abdalla SA, Ahmed MKA. Factors affecting milk production traits of Saanen goat raised undert Sudan semi arid conditions. Online J. Anim. Feed Res. 2012: 2; 435-438.
Keskin M, Gül S, Bicer O, Daşkiran İ. Some reproductive, lactation, and kid growth characteristics of Kilis goats under semiintensive conditions. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 2017: 41; 248-254.
Lôbo AMBO, Lôbo RNB, Facó O, Souza V, Alves AAC, Costa AC, Albuquerque MAM. Characterization of milk production and composition of four exotic goat breeds in Brazil. Small Ruminant Research. 2017: 153; 9-16.
Mellado M, Mellado J, Valencia M, Pittroff W. The relationship between linear type traits and fertility traits in high-yielding dairy goats. Reprod Domest Anim. 2008: 43; 599-605.
NRC. National Research Council. Nutrient requirements of small ruminants. National Academy Press, Washington DC, USA, 2007.
Olfaz M, Tozlu H, Onder H. Effect of hair color variation on milk production and kid growth in Turkish Hair goat. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 2011: 10; 1037-1040.
Rhone JA, Waldron DF, Herring AD. Performance of Boer-Spanish and Spanish goats in Texas I: Body weights, fertility, prolificacy, and number of kids weaned. J Anim Sci. 2013: 91; 4679-4683.
Ritar AJ, Solomon S. Effects of seminal plasma and of its removal and of egg yolk in the diluent on the survival of fresh and frozen-thawed spermatozoa of the Angora goat. Aust J Biol Sci. 1982: 35; 305-312.
Sam IM, Akpa GN, Alphonsus C. Factors Influencing Udder and Milk Yield Characteristics of Indigenous Goats in North - West Nigeria. ARJA, 2017: 3; 1-9.
SAS. Institute Inc. SAS user’s guide: Statistics. Version 9.1. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA, 2002.
Şengonca M, Taşkın T, Koşum N. Simultaneous comparison of various production traits of Saanen x Hair crossbred and pure Hair goats. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 2003: 27; 1319-1325.
Şensoy S, Demircan M, Ulupınar Y, Balta İ. Climate of Turkey, http://dmi.gov.tr/files/en-US/climateofturkey.pdf (accessed 15 April 2012).
Şimşek ÜG, Bayraktar M, Gürses M. Examination of some production characteristics in pure Hair goat under farm conditions. Journal of Health Sciences, University of Fırat. 2006: 20; 221-227.
Susilawati T, Kuswati HDU, Rosanti FD, Atmojo YD. Induction of estrus in Etawa Crossbred Goat by PGF injection 2 to ensures successfull artificial insemination. Global Veterinaria. 2014: 12; 504-507.
Toplu HD, Altinel A. Some production traits of indigenous Hair goats bred under extensive conditions in Turkey. 1st Communication: Reproduction, milk yield and hair production traits of does. Arch. Tierz. 2008: 51; 498-506.
TSMS. Turkish State Meteorological Service, https://www.mgm.gov.tr/ veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=Aandm=VAN (accessed 10 July 2017).
TUIK. Turkish Statistical Institute, Livestock Statistics. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/hayvancilikapp/hayvancilik.zul, (accessed 10 July 2017).
Yotov S, Atanasov A, Karadaev M, Dimova L. Pregnancy rate in dry and lactating goats after estrus synchronisation with artificial insemination and natural Breeding (A Field Study). Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2016a: 19; 218–223.
Yotov SA, Velislavova DV. Dimova LR. Pregnancy rate in Bulgarian White milk goats with natural and synchronized estrus after artificial insemination by frozen semen during breeding season. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction. 2016b: 5; 144–147.