Trombositten Zengin Materyaller ve Periodontolojideki Kullanımı

Periodontal tedavinin amacı bireyin doğal dişlerini tüm yaşamı boyunca optimal fonksiyon, estetik ve rahatlık sağlayacak biçimde korumak ve sürdürmektir. Optimal periodontal tedavi, kaybolan periodonsiyumun rejenerasyonunu içermektedir. Geleneksel tedaviler sonucunda, ideal koşullar altında bile çoğu zaman uzun epiteliyal ataşman, sınırlı miktarda kemik, sement ve bağ dokusu oluşumu gerçekleşmektedir. Ancak son 20 yıldır, periodontal cerrahiyi takiben periodontal rejenerasyonu oluşturmaya yönelik çalışmalar yoğunlaşmıştır. Periodontal dokuların gelişimi ve rejenerasyonu için kritik olan faktör, uygun hücrelerin yara alanına çekilmesidir. Son zamanlarda periodontal rejenerasyonu sağlamak üzere taşıyıcı olarak da işlev gören biyolojik veya sentetik yapılar, otojen hücreler, aracı moleküller ve büyüme faktörleriyle birlikte kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Doğal yara iyileşmesinde temel rol oynayan büyüme faktörü kompleksinin ana kaynağı trombositlerdir. Trombositler sadece pıhtı şekillendirerek lokal kan ve lenf kaybını önlemekle kalmaz aynı zamanda yara iyileşmesini başlatan büyüme faktörlerini ve sitokinleri içerir.Son yıllarda geliştirilen trombositten zengin plazma (TZP) ve trombositten zengin fibrin (TZF) uygulamaları, doğal pıhtıdaki eritrosit/trombosit oranını tersine çevirerek, büyüme faktörlerinin konsantre halde cerrahi bölgesine uygulanmasını sağlamakta, yara iyileşmesini ve rejenerasyonu hızlandırmaktadır.Bu derlemenin amacı; periodontal rejeneratif tedavide yeni bir yaklaşım olan trombosit kaynaklı ürünlerin etkinlik mekanizması, hazırlanışı ve periodontolojideki klinik kullanım alanları ile ilgili bilgi vermektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Trombosit, fibrin, rejenerasyon

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