Tarihi Alanların Ses Karakterinin Belirlenmesi: İsmailbey Külliyesi, Kastamonu

Tarihi alanları koruma çalışmalarında çoğunlukla mekânın fiziksel özelliklerine ilişkin tespitler yapılmakta, alan karakterini tanımlayan önemli unsurlardan birisi olan duyusal özellikler göz ardı edilmektedir. Bu noktada ortaya çıkan eksikliğin altını çizmek ve tarihi alanların ses özelliğine dikkat çekmek amacıyla bu çalışma ortaya konulmuştur. Hem tarihi alanın karakterini tanımlamak hem de bu karaktere uygun mekânın düzenlenmesine ve dolayısıyla da mekân kullanımına uygun bir ses ortamının oluşturulmasına dikkat çekmek amacıyla Kastamonu kenti için önemli tarihi mekânlardan birisi olan İsmailbey Külliyesi çalışma alanı olarak seçilmiştir. Çalışmada mekânın ses özelliklerinin tespiti için yaz ve kış mevsimlerinde, sabah öğle ve akşam saatlerinde belirlenen rotada yürüyüşler yapılmıştır. Yürüyüşler ile çalışma alanındaki ses düzeyleri tespit edilerek ses haritaları oluşturulmuş, ayrıca ses tipleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışma alanının geçmişteki kullanım şekli ile bugünkü kullanımının kısmen aynı olduğu, buna bağlı olarak da ses tiplerinin zaman içerisinde değişime uğramadığı, kullanım yoğunluğuna bağlı olarak ses düzeyinde değişimler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Alanda süreklilik gösteren ön plan sesleri insan ve kuş sesi, arka plan sesi taşıt sesi, alana özgü sembol sesler ise dua (ezan) ve su sesidir. Sonuç olarak; alanın geçmişinde yer alan kullanım tipinin devamlılığının ses kaynaklarının devamlılığını sağladığı, kullanım yoğunluklarındaki artışın ve mekân çevresindeki kullanımlardan kaynaklı arka plan seslerinin ses düzeyini etkilediği, bu sebeple de mekânı karakterize eden ses özelliklerinin perdelendiği tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İşitsel peyzaj, akustik karakter, kültürel peyzaj, tarihi alanlar, koruma

Determining The Sound Character Of Historical Areas: Ismailbey Complex, Kastamonu

The physical characteristics of the space are usually taken into account, and the sensory characteristics that are one of the elements that deconstruct the character of the space are ignored in the conservation studies of historical sites. This study was put forward in order to emphasize the lack that arose at this point and to draw attention to the sound characteristics of historical areas. In order to determine the character of the historical area and to draw attention to the arrangement of the space appropriate to this character and therefore to the creation of a sound environment suitable for the use of space, Ismailbey Complex, which is one of the important historical places for Kastamonu City, were chosen as a study area. Walks were made on the designated route during the summer and winter seasons, morning and noon and evening hours. To determine the sound characteristics of the study area, sound maps were created by detecting the sound levels in the work area with walks, as well as the sound types were determined. It was determined that the past use of the study area is partially the same as its current use, and accordingly, the sound types did not change over time, there were changes in sound level depending on the intensity of use of the field. The foreground sounds that show continuity in the field were the sound of people and birds, the background sound was the sound of vehicles, and the field-specific symbol sounds were the sound of prayer (adhan) and water. As a result, it was found that the continuity of the type of use in the past of the space provides the continuity of sound sources, the increase in intensity of use and background sounds caused by use around the space affect the sound level, so the sound characteristics that characterize the space were suppressed.

Keywords:

Soundscape, acoustic characteristics, cultural landscape, historical places, conservation,

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