Guangming Köyü ve diğerler örnekler: Afet sonrası Çin kırsalında yapılaşma

Afet sonrası kalıcı konut uygulamalarının ‘dönüştüren’ etkisi herkesçe bilinmektedir. Deprem ülkesi olan Çin ise, özellikle 2008 yılında yaşadığı yıkıcı Wenchuan Depremi sonrasında kırsal yerleşimlerinde yeniden yapıma deneysel yaklaşımlarda bulunmuştur. Son olarak 2014 yılındaki Ludian depremle yıkılan Guangming’de yeniden inşa edilen bir konut 2017 Dünya Mimarlık Festivali’nde ödüle layık görülmüştür. Yazı, Çin kırsalında afet sonrası ‘baştan yaratılan’ yerleşimlerin örneklerine yer vermektedir. Yeniden yapımda tercih edilen mimari yaklaşım, malzeme seçimi, katılımcı inşa süreci ele alınmakla birlikte, oluşturulan yeni kırsal yerleşimlerin kent dokusu ile benzerliği değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

kırsal Çin, afet sonrası kalıcı konut, afet konutları, kırsalda dönüşüm uygulamaları, kırsal mimarlık

Guangming village and other examples: Post-disaster reconstruction in rural China

The transformative effect of the post-disaster permanent housing implementation is well known. As an earthquake-prone country, China has begun to approach more experimentally to the reconstruction of rural settlements particularly following the devastating 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. Lately, the example of Guangming Village, which was destroyed by the Ludian Earthquake in 2014, was awarded in the World Architecture Festival in 2017. The paper focuses on the Guangming village and the other similar examples in rural China in order to evaluate the experimental approach to the architectural design of rural houses, material selection, participatory construction method and the new urban-look pattern and its social outcomes. The review includes Jintai, Yangliu, Ma’an Qiao, Da Ping and Shengli Villages in addition to Guangming Village.

Keywords:

rural China, post-disaster reconstruction, disaster housing, transformation of rural, transformative architecture,

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