Ayşenur KALMER, İSMAİL ACAR, Ayten DİZKIRICI TEKPINAR

Türkiye’deki Bazı Melanoleuca türlerinin (Fungi: Basidiomycota) Filogenisi ve Yeni bir Kayıt Olarak Melanoleuca angelesiana A.H. Sm. Türünün Tanımlanması

Çalışmanın Amacı: Bu çalışmanın amacı toplanan Melanoleuca örneklerinin morfolojik karakterlerle tanımlanması, ITS ve LSU DNA sekanslarını kullanarak türlerin filogenetik ilişkilerinin belirlenmesi ve Melanoleuca cinsinin alt cins sayısının teyit edilmesidir. Çalışma Alanı: Örnekler Türkiye'nin farklı bölgelerinden toplanmış ve çalışma Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Moleküler Biyoloji ve Genetik Bölümü'nde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Material ve Yöntemler: On dört türü temsil eden yirmi iki örnek kullanılmışır. Şapka, sap, lamel yapıları ve bazidya, sistidya, spor yapıları sırasıyla makroskopik ve mikroskopik özellikler olarak kullanılmıştır. Nükleer ribozomal iç aralayıcı bölge (nrITS) ve ribosomal en büyük alt birim (LSU) moleküler analizler için amplifiye edilmiştir. Ana sonuçlar: Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'den bazı Melanoleuca türlerinin taksonomik konumları hem morfolojik karakterleri hemde iki farklı nükleer DNA bölgesinin sekansları ile değerlendirilmiştir. nrITS bölgesi (ITS1’de 112, 5,8S’de 1, ve ITS2’de 95), LSU bölgesine (46 değişken alan) kıyasla daha bilgilendirici olmuştur. ITS bölgesinin analizleri Melanoluca cinsinin monofletik olduğunu ve Melanoleuca ve Urticocystis olarak iki alt cinse ayrıldığını göstermiştir. Araştırma konuları: İncelenen türler içerisinde Melanoleuca angelesiana Türkiye mikobiyotası için ilk defa rapor edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

ITS, LSU, Melanoleuca, Fungal taksonomi, Yeni kayıt

Phylogeny of Some Melanoleuca Species (Fungi: Basidiomycota) in Turkey and Identification of Melanoleuca angelesiana A.H. Sm. As a First Record

Aim of Study: The purposes of the present study are to describe and identify all collected Melanoleuca samples using morphological characters, determine phylogenetic relationships among species using DNA sequences of ITS and LSU regions and check the number of subgenera of Melanoleuca genus. Area of Study: Samples were collected from different parts of Turkey and the study was conducted at the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics in Van Yüzüncü Yıl University. Material and Methods: Twenty-two samples, representatives of fourteen species, were used. Structures of pileus, stipe, lamellae and basidia, cystidia, spores were used as macroscopic and microscopic features, respectively. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (nrITS) and largest subunit (LSU) were amplified for molecular analyses. Main results: Taxonomic positions of some Melanoleuca species from Turkey were evaluated based on both morphological characters and sequences of two different nuclear DNA regions. nrITS region was more informative (112 variable sites in ITS1, 1 in 5.8S and 95 in ITS2 subregions) compared to LSU (46 variable sites). Analyses of ITS region revealed that the genus Melanoleuca was monophyletic and divided into two subgenera as Melanoleuca and Urticocystis. Research highlights: Within studied species, Melanoleuca angelesiana was firstly reported for mycobiota of Turkey

Keywords:

ITS, LSU, Melanoleuca, Fungal taxonomy, New record,

PDF

___

Acar, I., Dizkirici Tekpınar, A., Kalmer, A. & Uzun Y. (2017). Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomical positions of two new records Melanoleuca species from Hakkari province, Turkey. Biodicon 10 (3), 85¬¬¬-93.
Altschul, S.F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E.W. & Lipman, D.J. (1997). Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol, 215, 403-410.
Antonin, V., Duriska, O., Jancovicova, S. & Tomsovsky, M. (2015). Identity of agaricus brevipes bull. (Melanoleuca brevipes, tricholomataceae, basidiomycota). Mycological Progress 14:107.
Bas, C., Kuyper, Th.W., Noordeloos, M.E. & Vellinga, E.C. (1999). Flora Agaricina Neerlandica. 4th ed. CRC Press. Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Bessette, A. E., Miller, O. K., Bessette A. R. & Miller H. H. (1995). Mushrooms of North America in color: A field guide companion to seldom-illustrated fungi. China: Syracuse UP. 172 pp.
Boekhout T. (1988). Notulae ad floram agaricinam neerlandicam, XVI – New taxa, new combinations in Melanoleuca Pat. and notes on rare species in the Netherlands. Persoonia, 13(4), 397–431.
Boekhout, T. (1999). Melanoleuca, in: C Bas et al. (eds). Flora Agaricina Neerlandica 4.A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. 153–165.
Bon, M. (1991). Flore mycologiqued’Europe, 2 – Les tricholomesetressemblants. Revue de Mycologie Mémóire Hors-Série, 2, 163.
Breitenbach, J. & Kränzlin, F. (1991). Fungi of Switzerland. Verlag Mykologia, 3rd ed. Lucerne, Switzerland.
Bresinsky, V.A. & Stangl, J. (1977). Beiträgezur revision m. britzelmayrs hymenomycetenaus südbayern. Zeitsehr.f.Pilzkunde, (43) ,145-173.
Brown, P.S., Rigdon-Huss, A.R. & Jumpponen, A. (2014). Analyses of ITS and LSU gene regions provide congruent results on fungal community responses. Fungal Ecology, (9), 65-68.
Buczacki, S. (2012). Collins fungi guide: the most complete field guide to the mushrooms and toadstools of Britain & Ireland. London, UK: Harper Collins Publishers.
Carleton, R. (1922). British basidiomycetae, Cambridge University Press, UK.
Clémençon, H. (2009). Methods for working with macrofungi: laboratory cultivation and preparation of larger fungi for light microscopy. Berchtesgaden: Berchtesgadener Anzeiger.
Dähncke, M.R. (2004). 1200 Pilze in farbfotos. Switzerland: ATVerlag Aarau.
Desjardin, D.E., Wood, M.G. & Stevens, F.A. (2015). California mushrooms: the comprehensive identification guide. Portland, OR.: Timber Press. 560 p.
Doyle, J.J. & Doyle, J.L. (1987). A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin, (19), 11-15.
Duriska, O., Antonin, V., Para, R., Tomsovsky, M. & Jancovicova, S. (2017). Taxonomy, ecology and distribution of melanoleuca strictipes (basidiomycota, agaricales) in Europe. Czech Mycology, 69(1), 15–30.
Felsenstein, J. (1985). Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap. Evolution, (39), 783-791.
Garcia, M.S., Blanco, J.C. & Matheny, P.B. (2013). Taxonomic revision of the genus Melanoleuca in Mexico and description of new species. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 111-127.
Gerault, A. (2005). Florule evolutive des basidiomycotina du finistere heterobasidiomycetes tricholomatales. Version 2.1. France.
Hinrikson, H.P., Hurst, S.F., Lott, T.J., Warnock, D.W. & Morrison, C.J. (2005). Assessment of ribosomal large-subunit D1-D2, internal transcribed spacer 1, and internal transcribed spacer 2 regions as targets for molecular identification of medically important aspergillus species. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, (43), 2092-2103.
Hyde, K.D., Udayanga, D., Manamgoda, D.S., Tedersoo, L., Larsson, E., Abarenkov, K., Bertrand, Y.J.K., Oxelman, B., Hartmann, M., Kauserud, H., Ryberg, M., Kristiansson, E. & Nilsson, R.H. (2013). Incorporating molecular data in fungal systematics: a guide for aspiring researchers. Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology, 3(1), 1–32.
Jordan, M. (2004). The Encyclopedia of fungi of Britain and Europe. UK.: Frances Lincoln Publishers P. pp. 51.
Kibby, G. (2016). Melanoleuca castaneofusca new to Britain. Field Mycology, 17(3):95-97.
Kuo, M. & Methven, S.A. (2014). Mushrooms of the Midwest. Urbana, Chicago and Springfield: University of Illinois Press.
Murrill, W.A. (1913). The agaricaceae of the Pacific Coast - IV. New species of Clitocybe and Melanoleuca. Mycologia, (5), 206-223.
Mycobank database. (2018). Melanoleuca. http://www.mycobank.org/BioloMICS.aspx?Table=Mycobank&Rec=56901&Fields=All, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institue, München, Germany. (Accessed: 25.02.2018)
Phillips, R. (2006). Mushrooms. Published August, (18th ed.) by Pan MacMillan.
Schoch, C.L., Seifert, K.A., Huhndorf, S., Robert, V., Spouge, J.L., Levesque, C.A. & Chen, W. (2012). Fungal Barcoding Consortium Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as a universal DNA barcode marker for Fungi. PNAS, (109), 6241–6246.
Sesli, E. & Denchev, C.M. (2014). Checklists of the myxomycetes, larger ascomycetes, and larger basidiomycetes in Turkey. Mycotaxon Checklists Online, 1–136.
Singer R. (1986). The Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy. (4th ed.) Koenigstein Königstein im Taunus, Germany: Koeltz Scientific Books.
Smith, A.H. (1944). New North American Agarics. Mycologia, (36), 242-262.
Solak, M.H., Işıloğlu, M., Erbil, K. & Allı, H. (2015). Macrofungi of Turkey checklist. (2nd ed.) İzmir: Üniversiteliler Ofset.
Tamura, K. & Nei, M. (1993). Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, (10), 512-526.
Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A., M. & Kumar, S. (2013). MEGA 6: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis Version 6.0. Molecular Biology Evolution, 30(12), 2725–2729.
Thompson, J.D., Higgins, D.G. & Gibson, T.J. (1994). Clustal W improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research, (22), 4673–4680.
Undan, J.Q., Alfonso, D.O., Dulay, R.M., Leon, A.M., Kalaw, S.P. Undan J.R. & Reyes, R.G. (2016). Molecular identification and phylogeny of different macrofungi in Mt. Bangkay, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines based on ITS nrDNA region. Advances in Environmental Biology, 10(12), 35-42
Vesterholt, J. & Knudsen, H. (2008). Funga Nordica-Agaricoid, boletoid and cyphelloid genera. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen. Vilgalys, R., & Hester, M. (1990). Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4239-4246.
Vizzini, A., Para, R., Fontenla, R., Ghignone, S. & Ercole, E. (2011). A preliminary ITS phylogeny of Melanoleuca (Agaricales) with special reference to European taxa. Mycotaxon 118, 361-381.
Wen, J. & Zimmer, E.A. (1996). Phylogeny and Biogeography of Panax L. (the Ginseng Genus, Araliaceae): Inferences from ITS Sequences of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 6:167–177.
Yıldız, S., Gürgen, A. & Can, Z. (2017). In vitro bioactive properties of some wild mushrooms collected from Kastamonu province. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 17 (3): 523-530.
Yu, X.D., Lv, S.X., Ma, D., Li, F.F., Lin, Y. & Zhang, L. (2014). Two new species of Melanoleuca (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from northeastern China, supported by morphological and molecular data. Mycoscience, (55), 456-461.