The erstwhile League of Three Emperors: The Relations Among Russia, Germany and Austria-Hungary during the Bosnian crisis of 1908-1909

Bu makalede 1908-1909. yıllar Bosna krizi döneminde eski Üç İmparator İttifakına giren ülkeler arasındaki ilişkileri incelenmek amac edilmiştir. Almanya, bu Birliğin faliyetlerini canlandırmak fikrinden 1914 yılına kadar vaz geçmemiştir. Bosna-Hersek’in İlhakı ve onun sonunda Avusturya-Macaristan ile Rusya arasında yaşanan gerginlikten dolayı, Petersburg ve Berlin I. Cihan savaşı döneminde kendilerine müttefik olacak ülkelerin lehine seçim yapmak zorunda kalmışlardır.

Eski üç İmparatorluk ittifakı: 1908-1909 Yıllar Bosna krizi döneminde Rusya, Almanya ve Avusturya-Macaristan arasındaki münasebetler

The current study deals with the state of affairs in intergovernmental relations between Russia, Germany and Austria-Hungaryduring the Bosnian crisis (1908-1909). These countries, former members of League of the Three Emperors, faced at the beginning of the XX century the antagonistic contradictions, which didn’t leave Europe a chance to observe the creation of a new union of the erstwhile allies. After the crisis the governments began preparations for war.

PDF

___

1. Afflerbach, Holger: Nibelungentreue? Germany and the Bosnian Annexation Crisis. //1908, l’annexion de la Bosnie-Herzégovine, cent ans après/Catherine Horel (dir ).P.I.E Peter Lang, Bruxelles, 2011.
2. Baumgart, Winfried. Deutsch-russischeBeziehungen 1890-1914/18.// Preußen- Deutschland und Russlandvom 18.biszum 20. JahrhundertmitBeiträgen von Winfried Baumgart. Berlin,1991.
3. Carroll, E. Malcolm. Germany and the Great Powers, 1866-1914: A Study in Public Opinion and Foreign Policy. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1938.
4. Farah, Irmgard. Die deutsche Pressepolitik und Propagandatätigkeitimosmanischen Reich von 1908-1918 unterbesondererBerücksichtigung des “Osmanischen Lloyd” Stuttgart: Steiner, 1993.
5. Kießling, Friedrich. Gegen den “großen Krieg”? - Entspannung in den internationalenBeziehungen 1911-1914. Diss..München, OldenbourgVerlag, 2002.
6. Oswald H. Wedel. Austro-German Diplomatic relations 1908-1914.Stanford, 1932.
7. Skřivan, Aleš: Schwierige Partner. Deutschland und Österreich-Ungarn in der europäischenPolitik der Jahre 1906-1914. Hamburg, 1999.
8. Suppan, Arnold. Baron Aehrenthal, Pan-Serbian Propaganda and the Annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina // 1908, l’annexion de la Bosnie-Herzégovine, cent ans après/Catherine Horel (dir ).P.I.E Peter Lang, Bruxelles, 2011.
9. Tcharykow, N. V., Reminiscences of Nicholas II, Contemporary Review, No134, 1928.
10. Tunstall, Graydon A. Planning for War Against Russia and Serbia: Austro- Hungarian and German Military Strategies, 1871-1914. Columbia University Press, New York, 1993.
11.Вишняков Я.В. Боснийский кризис 1908–1909 гг. и славянский вопрос. Вестник МГИМО-Университета, 2011. No 1. С. 103–111. Vişnyakov Ya. V. Bosniyskiy Krizis 1908 -1909 gg. İ Slavyanskiy Vopros. Vestnik MGİMO-Universiteta. 2011. No 1. s. 103– 111.
12. Письмо П. В. Чарыкова А. П. Извольскому от 8 -9 сентября 1908 г.// Бестужев И.В. Борьба в правящих кругах России по вопросам внешней политики во время Боснийского кризиса // Исторический архив, No 5. 1962.С. 125. Pismo P.V. Çarıkova A.P. İ zvolskomu ot 8-9 sentyabrya 1908 g. // Bestujev İ.V. Borba v Pravyaşih Krugah Rossii po Voprosam Vneşney Politiki vo Vremya Bosniyskogo Krizisa. İstorıçeskiy Arhiv. No 5. 1962.s. 125.