İlker KILIÇ, Apti ONUK, Ercan ŞİMŞEK, Erkan YASLIOĞLU

Bir Koyun Ağılında Amonyak ve Karbondioksit Konsantrasyonları

ÖZET Hayvan barınaklarında iç ortam hava kalitesi hayvanların verimliliğini doğrudan etkiler. Hayvan barınaklarında kirleticilerin ölçümleri hayvan ve çalışan sağlığı üzerine olan olumsuz etkileri ortaya koymuştur. Bu amaçla yapılan birçok çalışmada, süt sığırı ahırları ile kanatlı kümeslerindeki amonyak, karbondioksit, metan ve hidrojen sülfit gibi kirleticiler üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Bilimsel literatürde, bazı ülkelerin en önemli hayvancılık sektörlerden birisi olan koyunculuk işletmelerine daha az yer verilmiştir. Bu çalışma, Bursa bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren doğal havalandırmalı koyun ağılında amonyak ve karbondioksit konsantrasyonlarına ilişkin ölçüm sonuçlarını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, sıcaklık ve bağıl nem gibi iç ortam çevre koşulları da kirletici gaz konsantrasyonları ile birlikte eş zamanlı olarak ölçülmüştür. Çalışma periyodu süresince koyun ağılında elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesi için varyans ve regresyon analizleri uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonunda ortalama NH3 konsantrasyonu çıkış açıklığında 15 ppm ve giriş açıklığında 0.77 ppm ölçülürken, CO2 konsantrasyonu çıkış açıklığında 1022 ppm ve giriş açıklığında 457 ppm olarak ölçülmüştür. Yapılan istatistiksel analiz sonucunda çıkış açıklığında ölçülen NH3 ve CO2 konsantrasyonları ölçüm günleri arasında önemli derecede farklıdır (P< 0.001). En düşük CO2 konsantrasyonu 277 ppm iken en düşük NH3 konsantrasyonu 8 ppm olarak gerçekleşmiştir. En yüksek konsantrasyon değerleri NH3 için 38 ppm ve CO2 için 1700 ppm olarak ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca minimum, maksimum ve ortalama bağıl nem değerleri sırasıyla %43.42, %89.6 ve %71.23 iken iç ortam sıcaklığı sırasıyla 16.06°C, 26.53°C ve 20.69°C olarak ölçülmüştür. Regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre, çıkış açıklığı NH3 konsantrasyonu, hava hızı ile istatistiksel olarak önemli ilişki içerisindedir. Standardize edilmiş regresyon katsayısı iç ortam sıcaklığı ve bağıl neminin CO2 konsantrasyonları üzerinde önemli bir etkisinin olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Koyun Barınakları, İç Ortam Sıcaklığı, Kirletici Gaz Konsantrasyonları, Amonyak

Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in a Sheep Barn

ABSTRACTIndoor air quality in animal barns directly affect to animal productivity. Measuring the pollutants in animal barns proves the negative effects of gases on health of animals and workers. Most studies in this context focused on some pollutant gases such as ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen sulfide in dairy barn and poultry houses. Less attention in studies in scientific literature was paid to sheep barns which may have more important portion than other animals for the animal production sector of some countries. This paper revealed the concentrations of ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in naturally ventilated sheep barn in Bursa region, western Turkey. Also indoor environmental conditions such as temperature and relative humidity were measured simultaneously with pollutant gas concentrations. Regression and variance analyzes were applied to assess data collected in sheep barn whole over the study period. The average NH3 concentration during the study was 15 ppm for exhaust and 0.77 ppm for ambient, CO2 concentration was 1022 ppm for exhaust and 457 ppm for ambient. There was significant difference among measurement days for exhaust NH3 and CO2 concentrations (P< 0.001). The lowest NH3 concentration was 8 ppm while lowest CO2 concentration was 277 ppm, and the highest concentrations were 38 ppm for NH3 and 1700 ppm for CO2. Also minimum, maximum, average values for indoor temperature were 16.06°C, 26.53°C, 20.69°C, respectively, while minimum 43.42%, maximum 89.6%, average 71.23% values for relative humidity were obtained. According to regression analyze results, the exhaust NH3 concentration related statistically significant with air velocity. The standardized coefficients suggest that indoor temperature and relative humidity sustained the greater effects on CO2 concentrations (P< 0.001).

Keywords:

Sheep Barns Indoor Temperature, Pollutant gas concentration, Ammonia, Carbon Dioxide,

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