Miras Dil Kavramı ve Miras Dil Konuşucuları [The Concept of Heritage Language and Heritage Language Speakers]

Bu makalenin amacı son yıllarda geniş bir coğrafyada akademik bir çalışma çalışma alanı olarak ta ortaya çıkan miras dil kavramının önemini ve bu alandaki çalışmaların miras dil alanında gösterilen çabaları destekleme konusunda sunduğu imkanları incelemektir. Miras dil kavramı, Kanada’da uzun yıllar sadece yerli halk dillerini ifade etmek için kullanıldıktan sonra, son yıllarda daha yaygın ve daha kapsayıcı olarak yerli halk dillerinin yanı sıra baskın bir dilin yanında varlığını sürdürmek durumunda olan bütün diller için kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu geniş tanım ile miras dil grubunu oluşturan en büyük dil grubu göç veya iltica sonucu baskın dillerin yanında yaşamak durumunda kalan miras diller olmuştur. Günümüzde büyük ölçüde yerli, göçmen veya mülteci halkların dilleri ile ilgili eğitim-öğretim çabaları ve dilbilimsel çalışmalar, Uygulamalı Dilbilim alanı içinde yeni bir disiplinlerarası alan olarak ortaya çıkmakta olan miras dil ve miras dil konuşucuları başlıkları altında çalışılmakta ve tartışılmaktadır. Bu alanda son yıllarda yoğun olarak ortaya konan çalışmalar ve bilgi birikimi miras diller açısından oldukça zengin olan Türkiye’de miras dillerin farklı kurumlarda öğretimi, yok olma tehlikesi ile karşı karşıya olan birçok miras dilin tekrar canlılık kazanması çabalarını ve miras dillerin ve bu dilleri konuşanların dilbilimsel olarak incelenmesi çalışmalarını destekleyecek imkanlar sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

miras dil, dil aşınımı, dillerin yeniden canlandırılması, baskın diller, tehlike altındaki diller

Miras Dil Kavramı ve Miras Dil Konuşucuları [The Concept of Heritage Language and Heritage Language Speakers]

The aim of this article is to discuss the importance of the concept of heritage language, which has been emerging as a new academic field of study in a wide geography in recent years, and to explore the opportunities these studies offer to support the efforts in the field of heritage languages. The concept of heritage language has been used in Canada for many years only to refer to indigenous languages, but in recent years it has been used widely and more comprehensively for all languages that have to survive alongside a dominant language. With this new definition, immigrant and refugee languages make up the largest heritage language group. Today, educational efforts and linguistic studies related to the languages of indigenous, immigrant or refugee peoples are studied under the topic of heritage languages, which is emerging as a new interdisciplinary area within the field of Applied Linguistics. These studies and information accumulated in the study of heritage languages have the potential to inform the teaching of heritage languages at different educational institutions, the attempts to revitalize endangered languages and the linguistic study of the heritage languages and the speakers of these languages in Turkey, which is one of the heritage language rich countries.

Keywords:

heritage language, language erosion, language revitalization, dominant languages, endangered languages,

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