The effect of pepper gas (OC) on some biochemical parameters in rats

Bu çalışmada Cayenne bitkisinden elde edilen ve bu amaçla çok kullanılan biber gazının (oleoresin capsicum, OC), ratlar üzerinde farklı süre ve dozda uygulanması sırasında kan gazları, elektrolitler ve bazı biyokimyasal parametreler üzerine etkisi incelendi. Araştırmada 12 tanesi ön doz çalışmasında kullanılmak üzere toplam 47 adet Wistar albino rat canlı materyal olarak kullanıldı. Ticari olarak satılan 90 g’lık spreyler halinde OC temin edildi. Saniyede 6 g OC püskürtüldüğü denemelerle hesaplandı. 6 adet rat kontrol grubu, 9 adet rat 4 saniye OC sıkılmış (24 g) ortamda 5 dak. bırakılan deneme 1; 10 adet rat 8 saniye (48 g) OC sıkılmış ortamda 10 dakika bırakılan deneme 2; 10 adet rat ise 12 saniye (72 g) OC sıkılmış ortamda 15 dak. bırakılan deneme 3 grubunu oluşturdu. Ratlar 50x50x50 cm’lik bir deney küpüne beşerli gruplar halinde konularak, yukarıda belirtilen doz ve sürede OC uygulandı. Süre sonunda hayvanlar eter ile 1-2 dak. sedasyon işlemine tabii tutulup kalpten kan örnekleri alındı ve hemen pH, parsiyel karbondioksit basıncı (pCO2), toplam karbondioksit (ct CO2), %O2 saturasyonu, bikarbonat (HCO3), baz fazlalığı (BE), hücre dışı sıvı baz fazlalığı (B(ecf )), Na, K, Ca, Cl ve glukoz düzeyleri Rapidlab 865 cihazı ve otoanalizörle ölçüldü. Kontrollerin değerleri diğer üç grup ile karşılaştırıldığında pH, ct CO3, üçüncü grup hariç HCO3 düzeylerinde azalma, pCO2, pO2, %O2 saturasyonu, K, Cl, glukoz, BE ve B(ecf ) düzeylerinde artma, Na, Ca düzeylerinde ise dikkati çeken değişim saptanmadı. pH değişimi (P≤0.05), pO2 (P≤0.01), HCO3 (P≤0.01), %O2 saturasyonunda (P≤0.001), K (P≤0.05), Cl (P≤0.05), B(ecf ) (P≤ 0.05) düzeylerinde önemle deneme grupları arasında veya kontrollere göre değişim hesaplandı. Sonuç olarak kapalı ortamda farklı dozda OC miktarına, farklı sürelerde maruz kalan ratlarda solunum güçlüğü ve konjuktivit görülmesine rağmen hiçbir ölüm olayına rastlanılmadı. Kan gazları değerleri incelendiğinde respiratorik asidoz oluşumuna destek veren biyokimyasal değişimlere rastlanmış olmasına rağmen ve biber gazının özellikle açık alanlarda toplumsal olaylarda güvenli olarak kullanılabilecek gaz olabileceği kanısına varıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

oleoresin, sodyum, sıçan, elektrolitler, karbondioksit, kalsiyum, Capsicum

Ratlarda biber gazının (OC) bazı biyokimyasal parametreler üzerine etkisi

In this dissertation, the effect of the widely used pepper gas (oleoresin capsicum, OC) derived from the cayenne pepper was studied in the blood gases, electrolytes and some biochemical parameters on the rats with different dosages and periods. In the pre-dosage phase, 12 of 47 Wistar albino rats were used as the live material. Commercially available 90 g OC sprays were provided. It was experimentally measured that 6 g of OC was sprayed per second. 6 rats were used as control group. Experimental Group 1 was 9 rats which were kept 5 min in an OC sprayed closed enviroment for 4 sec (24 g); Experimental Group 2 was 10 rats which were kept 8 min in an OC sprayed closed enviroment for 8 sec (48 g); Experimental Group 3 was 10 rats which were kept 15 min in an OC sprayed closed enviroment for 12 sec (72 g). The rats were kept as a group of 5 of each in 50x50x50 cm experiment cube and OC was applied for the abovementioned periods and dosages. The blood samples were taken from the heart after the 1-2 min sedation application. The potential hydrogen (pH), carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2), concentration of total carbon dioxide (ct CO2), O2% saturation, HCO3, base excess (BE), base excess of extracellular fluid (B(ecf )), Na, K, Ca, Cl and glucose levels were measured by Rapidlab 865 System and auto analyser. When the control group values were compared to the other three groups, pH, ct CO2 and HCO3 (except the Group 3) were decreased, pCO2, pO2, O2% saturation, K, Cl, glucose, BE and B(ecf ) were increased and no significant change was observed in Na and Ca levels. The pH change (P≤0.05), pO2 (P≤0.01), HCO3 (P≤0.01); %O2 saturation (P≤0.001), K (P≤0.05), Cl (P≤0.05); B(ecf ) (P≤0.05) levels were evaulated the changes according to inter-group and control group. As a result, no fatality were encountered in rats which were exposed different dosages and amounts of OC in a closed enviroment except difficulty in breathing and conjuctivity. Despite that supporting biochemical changes for respiratoric asidose were encountered, it was understood that pepper gas could especially be used as a safe riot control agent in open air.

Keywords:

oleoresins, sodium, rats, electrolytes, carbon dioxide, calcium, Capsicum,

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