Dorota KOWALSKA, Janusz STRYCHALSKI, Cezary ZWOLIŃSKI, Andrzej GUGOŁEK, Paulius MATUSEVICIUS

Tavşan Diyetlerinde Kolza Tohumu, Beyaz Acı Bakla Tohumu ve Bezelye Tohumu Karışımının Et ve Yağ Performans Göstergeleri ve Yağ Asidi Profili Üzerine Etkisi

Tavşan karkaslarının kalitesini büyük ölçüde lipit fraksiyonunun kompozisyonu belirler. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kolza tohumu küspesi, beyaz acı bakla tohumu ve bezelye tohumu kombinasyonu ile kısmen veya tam ikame edilmiş soya fasulyesi küspesinin tavşanlarda et ve yağın üretim sonuçları ve yağ asidi profili üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir. Doksan Yeni Zelanda Beyaz tavşanı, her biri 30 tavşan içeren üç besleme grubuna ayrıldı: Kontrol - C (ortalama protein kaynağı - diyette %15 soya küspesi), Deneme 1 - E1 (%7.5 soya küspesi, %5 kolza tohumu küspesi, %4 beyaz acı bakla tohumu, %3 bezelye tohumu) ve Deneme 2 - E2 (%0 soya küspesi, %10 kolza tohumu küspesi, %8 beyaz acı bakla tohumu, %6 bezelye tohumu). Tavşanların final vücut ağırlıklarında anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı. Yemden yararlanma her iki E grubunda da C grubuna göre daha iyiydi. Tüylenme yüzdesi E2 grubunda C grubuna göre daha yüksekti. Ayrıca, but kasındaki protein içeriği E gruplarında C grubuna göre daha yüksekti. Soya fasulyesinin diyet oranı azaldıkça, et ve perirenal yağdaki SFA oranında azalmaa ve PUFA oranında artış görülmekteydi. Elde edilen sonuçlar, soya fasulyesi ununun kolza tohumu küspesi, beyaz acı bakla tohumu ve bezelye tohumu kombinasyonu ile tavşan diyetlerinde ikame olarak başarıyla değiştirilebileceğini göstermektedir.

The Effect of Mixture of Rapeseed Meal, White Lupin Seed, and Pea Seed in Rabbit Diets on Performance Indicators and Fatty Acid Profile of Meat and Fat

Quality of rabbit’s carcasses is largely determined by the composition of the lipid fraction. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of partial or complete substitution of soybean meal with a combination of rapeseed meal, white lupin seed and pea seed on the production results and fatty acid profile of meat and fat in rabbits. Ninety New Zealand White rabbits were divided into three feeding groups, 30 in each group: Control - C (mean protein source - 15% soybean meal in the diet), Experimental 1 - E1 (7.5% soybean meal, 5% rapeseed meal, 4% white lupin seed, 3% pea seed) and Experimental 2 - E2 (0% soybean meal, 10% rapeseed meal, 8% white lupin seed, 6% pea seed). No significant differences were determined in the final body weights of rabbits. Feed efficiency was better in both of the E groups than in group C. Dressing percentage was higher in group E2 than in group C. Also, protein content in thigh muscle was higher in groups E than in group C. As the dietary proportion of soybean decreased, the proportion of SFA in meat and in perirenal fat decreased, and that of PUFA increased. The obtained results indicate that soybean meal may be successfully replaced in rabbit diets by the combination of rapeseed meal, white lupin seed, and pea seed.

PDF

___

Lebas F: Reflection on rabbit nutrition with a special emphasis on feed ingredients utilization. Proceedings of the 8th World Rabbit Congress, September 7-10, Puebla, Mexico, p. 686-736, 2004.
Carabaño R, Villamide MJ, García J, Nicodemus N, Llorente A, Chamorro S, Menoyo D, García-Rebollar P, García-Ruiz AI, De Blas JC: New concepts and objectives for protein-amino acid nutrition in rabbits: A review. World Rabbit Sci, 17, 1-14, 2009. DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2009.664
Gasmi-Boubaker A, Abdouli H, El Hichi M, Faiza K, Tayachi L: Feeding rapeseed meal to rabbits: Digestibility, performance and carcass characteristics. Asian J Anim Vet Adv, 2, 38-41, 2007. DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2007.38.41
Strychalski J, Juśkiewicz J, Gugołek A, Wyczling P, Daszkiewicz T, Zwoliński C: Usability of rapeseed cake and wheat-dried distillers’ grains with solubles in the feeding of growing Californian rabbits. Arch Anim Nutr, 68, 227-244, 2014. DOI: 10.1080/1745039X.2014.921482
El-Medany A, El-Reffaei WHM: Evaluation canola meal on growing rabbits: Nutritionally and on their nutritional meat quality. J Food Nutr Res, 3, 220-234, 2015.
Gugołek A, Juśkiewicz J, Wyczling P, Kowalska D, Strychalski J, Konstantynowicz M, Zwoliński C: Productivity and gastrointestinal tract responses of rabbits fed diets containing rapeseed cake and wheat distillers dried grains with solubles. Anim Prod Sci, 55, 777-785, 2015. DOI: 10.1071/AN14206
Volek Z, Marounek M: Whole white lupin (Lupinus albus cv. Amiga) seeds as a source of protein for growing-fattening rabbits. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 152, 322-329, 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.05.003
Matusevicius P, Zduńczyk Z, Juśkiewicz J, Jeroch H: Rapeseed meal as a partial replacement for sunflower meal in diets for growing rabbits – gastrointestinal tract response and growth performance. Eur Poult Sci, 78, 1-11, 2014. DOI: 10.1399/eps.2014.18
Volek Z, Marounek M: Effect of feeding growing-fattening rabbits a diet supplemented with whole white lupin (Lupinus albus cv. Amiga) seeds on fatty acid composition and indexes related to human health in hind leg meat and perirenal fat. Meat Sci, 87, 40-45, 2011. DOI: 10.1016/j. meatsci.2010.08.015
Al-harbi MS, Al-Bashan MM, Ali KH, Abu Amrah A: Impacts of feeding with Lupinus albus (white lupin) and Lupinus termis (Egyptian lupin) on physiological activities and histological structure of some rabbits organs, at Taif Governorate. World J Zool, 9, 166-177, 2014.
Volek Z, Bureš D, Uhlířová L: Effect of dietary dehulled white lupine seed supplementation on the growth, carcass traits and chemical, physical and sensory meat quality parameters of growing-fattening rabbits. Meat Sci, 141, 50-56, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.03.013
Seroux M: Spring peas as a source of protein for doe rabbits. Proceedings of the 4th World Rabbit Congress, Budapest, Hungary, pp.141147, 1988.
Castellini C, Cavalletti C, Battaglini M: Pea protein in the feeding of rabbits during fattening. Riv Coniglicoltura, 28, 33-36, 1991.
Bonomi A, Bonomi BM, Quarantelli A: L’impiego della farina di semi di pisello (Pisum Sativum L.) Nell’alimentazione del coniglio da carne. Ann Fac Medic Vet di Parma, XXIII, 203-215, 2003.
Amaefule KU, Iheukwumere FC, Nwaokoro CC: A note on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of rabbits fed graded dietary levels of boiled pigeon pea seed (Cajanus cajan). Livest Res Rural Dev, 17, 2005.
Lounaouci-Ouyed G, Berchiche M, Gidenne T: Effects of substitution of soybean meal-alfalfa-maize by a combination of field bean or pea with hard wheat bran on digestion and growth performance in rabbits in Algeria. World Rabbit Sci, 22, 137-146, 2014. DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2014.1487
Lounaouci-Ouyed G, Berchiche M, Gidenne T: Effects of substitution of soybean meal-alfalfa-maize by a combination of field bean or pea with hard wheat bran on digestion and growth performance in rabbits in Algeria. World Rabbit Sci, 22, 137-146, 2014. DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2014.1487
Zwoliński C, Gugołek A, Strychalski J, Kowalska D, ChwastowskaSiwiecka I, Konstantynowicz M: The effect of substitution of soybean meal with a mixture of rapeseed meal, white lupin grain, and pea grain on performance indicators, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen retention in Popielno White rabbits. J Appl Anim Res, 45, 570-576, 2017. DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2016.1233107
Gugołek A, Juśkiewicz J, Kowalska D, Zwoliński C, Sobiech P, Strychalski J: Physiological responses of rabbits fed with diets containing rapeseed meal, white lupine and pea seeds as soybean meal substitutes. Cienc Agrotec, 42, 297-306, 2018. DOI: 10.1590/1413-70542018423003318
Dalle Zotte A: Perception of rabbit meat quality and major factors influencing the rabbit carcass and meat quality. Livest Prod Sci, 75, 11-32, 2002. DOI: 10.1016/S0301-6226(01)00308-6
Szabó A, Romvári R, Fébel H, Nagy I, Szendrõ Z: Fatty acid composition of two different muscles in rabbits: Alterations in response to saturated or unsaturated dietary fatty acid complementation. World Rabbit Sci, 9, 155-158, 2001. DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2001.459
Peiretti PG, Meineri G: Effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and the fat and meat fatty acid profile of rabbits fed diets with chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed supplements. Meat Sci, 80, 1116-1121, 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.05.003
Alagón G, Arce O, Serrano P, Ródenas L, Martínez-Paredes E, Cervera C, Pascual JJ, Pascual M: Effect of feeding diets containing barley, wheat and corn distillers dried grains with solubles on carcass traits and meat quality in growing rabbits. Meat Sci, 101, 56-62, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.10.029
AOAC International. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 18th ed., Arlington, VA, USA, Association of Analytical Communities: Arlington, 2006.
Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA: Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci, 74, 3583-3597, 1991. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S00220302(91)78551-2
Peisker KV: A rapid semi-micro method for preparation of methyl esters from triglycerides using chloroform, methanol, sulphuric acid. J Am Oil Chem Soc, 41, 87-88, 1964. DOI: 10.1007/BF02661915
StatSoft Inc: STATISTICA (data analysis software system), Version 9.1., 2010. www.statsoft.com
Chełmińska A, Kowalska D: The effectiveness of maize DDGS in rabbit diets. Ann Anim Sci, 13, 571-586, 2013. DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2013-0032
Daszkiewicz T, Gugołek A, Janiszewski P, Kubiak D, Czoik M: The effect of intensive and extensive production systems on carcass quality in New Zealand White rabbits. World Rabbit Sci, 20, 25-32, 2012. DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2012.945
Cardinali R, Cullere M, Dal Bosco A, Mugnai C, Ruggeri S, Mattioli S, Castellini C, Trabalza Marinucci M, Dalle Zotte A: Oregano, rosemary and vitamin E dietary supplementation in growing rabbits: Effect on growth performance, carcass traits, bone development and meat chemical composition. Livest Sci, 175, 83-89, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j. livsci.2015.02.010
Dänicke S, Ahrens P, Strobel E, Brettschneider J, Wicke M, von Lengerken G: Effects of feeding rapeseed to fattening rabbits on performance, thyroid hormone status, fatty acid composition of meat and other meat quality traits. Arch Geflugelk, 68, 15-24, 2004.
Lazzaroni C, Biagini D, Lussiana C: Fatty acid composition of meat and perirenal fat in rabbits from two different rearing systems. Meat Sci, 83, 135-139, 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.04.011
Strychalski J, Gugołek A, Antoszkiewicz Z, Kowalska D, Konstantynowicz M: Biologically active compounds in selected tissues of white-fat and yellow-fat rabbits and their production performance parameters. Livest Sci, 183, 92-97, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.11.024
Newton IS: Long chain fatty acids in health and nutrition. J Food Lipids, 3, 233-249, 1996. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4522.1996.tb00071.x