S. Serap BİRİNCİOĞLU, AHMET AYDOĞAN, HAMDİ AVCI

Pathological investigations of Winter-like disease in cultured sea breams (Sparus aurata)

Bodrum Güllük körfezinde bulunan 15 farklı balık çiftliğinde, 10 Ocak 2008 döneminde, kültür çipuralarında (Sparus aurata) görülen bir salgın sonucu üç hafta içinde yaklaşık 2 milyon balık ölümü meydana geldi. Ölümlerin meydana geldiği dönemde, deniz suyunun yüzey sıcaklığı 10ºC ve çözünmüş oksijen miktarı 7.9 mg/l olarak ölçüldü. Çalışmada, salgının görüldüğü 15 işletmenin dokuzundan alınan toplam 65 adet çipura (8-9 aylık) incelendi. Dış bakıda, tüm balıklarda karında aşırı şişkinlik, anus etrafında süt benzeri akıntı ve deride depigmentasyon görüldü. Karaciğerler şişkin ve sarımsı-beyaz renkteydi. Mikroskobik incelemede, karaciğerde dejenerasyon, şiddetli yağlanma ve multifokal nekroz alanları dikkati çekti. Benzer nekroz alanlarına böbrek ve dalaklarda da rastlandı. İki işletmede barsaklarda Myxidium spp.ye bağlı şiddetli paraziter enteritis saptandı. Solungaçların sekunder lamellerinde ödem ve hiperemi oldukça belirgindi. Bakteriyolojik inceleme sonucunda, bir işletmede Vibrio spp. (işletme no: 1), iki işletmede ise Staphylococcus spp. (işletme no: 1, 8) izole ve identifiye edildi. Sonuç olarak, çipuralarda görülen bu ölümlerin, deniz suyu sıcaklığında meydana gelen ani düşüşün neden olduğu karaciğer yağlanmasıyla karakterize Winter hastalığına bağlı olarak oluşabileceği düşünüldü.

Kültür çipuralarında (Sparus aurata) Winter-benzeri hastalık üzerinde patolojik incelemeler

During the January 2008, an outbreak occurred in 15 sea bream farms located in Güllük gulf of Bodrum, Turkey and approximately two million sea breams (Sparus aurata) were died in three weeks. When the outbreak was took place, surface temperature and dissolved oxygen of sea water was measured as 10ºC and 7.9 mg/l on January 10, 2008. For pathological examinations, a total of 65 fish (8-9-month-old) were collected from 9 of 15 farms. At necropsy, extreme abdominal distention, milk-like discharge around the anus and depigmentation of skin were observed in all fish. The liver was swollen and yellowish-white in color. Microscopically, degeneration, severe fatty changes and multifocal necrotic areas were observed in the liver. The similar necrotic areas were also noted in the kidney and spleen. Severe verminous enteritis due to Myxidium spp. was seen in two fish farms. The gills were generally edematous and hyperemic. According to result of bacteriological examinations, Vibrio spp. (farm no: 1) and Staphylococcus spp. (farms no: 1, 8) were isolated and identified in some farms. In conclusion, it is thought that the outbreak occurred in sea breams might be winter disease associated with sudden decreases in water temperature together with induced fatty liver.

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