Faisal AHMAD, Hayatullah KHAN, Farhan Anwar KHAN, Zahoor Ul HASSAN, Abdul AHAD, Umar SADIQUE, Muqader SHAH, Ijaz AHMAD, Zahir SHAH, Shakoor AHMAD, Zia-Ur REHMAN

Ot Sazanı (Ctenopharyngodon idella)’nda Aflatoksin B1’in Genotoksik ve Toksikopatolojik Etkileri

Bu çalışma, afltoksin B1 ’in (AFB1 ) ot sazanı (Ctenopharyngodon idella) olarak da bilinen tatlı su balıklarında genotoksik ve toksikopatolojik etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla planlandı. AFB1 ’in in vitro üretimi için, Aspergillus flvus sporları patates dekstroz agar (PDA) üzerinde büyütüldü ve daha sonra substrat olarak pirinç kullanıldı. Yüksek performanslı likit kromatografi (HPLC) tekniği kullanılarak yapılan analizlerde, pirinçteki AFB1 miktarı 50 ppb/g bulundu. Toplam 150 adet Ot sazanı (42±5 g) 5 gruba (A, B, C, D, E) ayrıldı. A (kontrol), B, C, D ve E grupları 49 gün boyunca sırasıyla kg başına 25 ppb, 50 ppb, 75 ppb ve 100 ppb AFB1’e maruz bırakıldılar. Balıkların ortalama ağırlık artışı (WG) ve spesifik büyüme hızı (SGR), A grubunda (WG-15.35 g ve SGR-0.63), E grubuna kıyasla (WG-6.55 g ve SGR-% 0.28) anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti. Yemden yararlanma oranı (FCR), kontrol grubu ile D ve E grupları arasında anlamlı derecede farklıydı (P

Genotoxic and Toxicopathological Effct of Afltoxin B1 in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

The current study was designed to evaluate genotoxic and toxicopathological effct of afltoxin B1 (AFB1 ) in fresh water fish also known as Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). For the in vitro production of AFB1 , Aspergillus flvus spores were grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and then rice was used as a substrate. The quantity of AFB1 was found 50ppb/g of rice using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. A total of n=150 Grass carp (42±5 g) were divided into 5 groups (A, B, C, D, E). Group A (kept as a control), while groups B, C, D and E were exposed to 25 ppb, 50 ppb, 75 ppb and 100 ppb AFB1 per kg of diet, respectively, for 49 days. The average weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish was significantly higher in group A (WG-15.35 g and SGR-0.63%) compared to group E (WG-6.55 g and SGR-0.28%). The Feed Conversion Ratio(FCR) was significantly (P

PDF

___

Satterlee T, Cary JW, Calvo AM: RmtA, a putative arginine methyltransferase, regulates secondary metabolism and development in Aspergillus flvus. PLoS One, 11:e0155575 2016. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.015575
Xing F, Ding N, Liu X, Selvaraj JN, Wang L, Zhou L, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Liu Y: Variation in fungal microbiome (mycobiome) and afltoxins during simulated storage of in-shell peanuts and peanut kernels. Sci Rep, 6:25930, 2016.
Misihairabgwi JM, Ezekiel CN, Sulyok M, Shephard GS, Krska R: Mycotoxin contamination of foods in Southern Africa: A 10-year review (2007-2016). Crit Rev Food Sci Nut, 59, 43-58, 2019. DOI: 10.1080/ 10408398.2017.1357003
Mahfouz ME, Sherif AH: A multiparameter investigation into adverse effcts of afltoxin on Oreochromis niloticus health status. J Basic Appl Zool, 71, 48-59, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobaz.2015.04.008
Marin DE, Taranu I: Overview on afltoxins and oxidative stress. Toxin Rev, 31, 32-43, 2012. DOI: 10.3109/15569543.2012.730092
Cui X, Muhammad I, Li R, Jin H, Guo Z, Yang Y, Hamid SLi J, Cheng P, Zhang X: Development of a UPLC-FLD method for detection of afltoxin B1 and M1 in animal tissue to study the effct of curcumin on mycotoxin clearance rates. Front Pharmacol, 8:650, 2017.
Amstad P, Levy A, Emerit I, Cerutti P: Evidence for membrane-mediated chromosomal damage by afltoxin B1 in human lymphocytes. Carcinogenesis, 5, 719-723, 1984. DOI: 10.1093/carcin/5.6.719
Shen HM, Ong CN: Mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene and ras oncogenes in afltoxin hepatocarcinogenesis. Mutation Res Rev Genet Toxicol, 366, 23-44, 1996. DOI: 10.1016/S0165-1110(96)90005-6
Egmond V, Miller JD, Miraglia, Brera HC, Gilbert J: Mycotoxins and Phycotoxin Developments in Chemistry, Toxicology and Food Safety. Alaken Inc Ford Collins, 3-15, 1998.
Wales JH: Hepatoma in rainbow trout. A symposium on diseases of fishes and shellfishes. Am Fish Soc no. 5, Washington, DC, 351-365, 1970.
Gallagher EP, Eaton DL: In vitro biotransformation of afltoxin B1 in channel catfish liver. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 132, 82-90, 1995. DOI: 10.1006/ taap.1995.1089
Tuan NA, Grizzle JM, Lovell RT, Manning BB, Rottinghaus GE: Growth and hepatic lesions of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed diets containing afltoxin B1 . Aquaculture, 212, 311-319, 2002. DOI: 10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00021-2
Murjani G: Chronic afltoxicosis in fish and its relevance to human health. Central Institute of Fresh Water Aquaculture, India, 2003.
Shotwell OL, Hesseltine CW, Stubblefield RD, Sorenson WG: Production of afltoxin on rice. Appl Microbiol, 14, 425-428, 1966.
Trenk HL, Butz ME, Chu FS: Production of ochratoxins in diffrent cereal products by Aspergillus ochraceus. Appl Microbiol, 21, 1032-1035, 1971.
Kushwaha B, Pandey S, Sharma S, Srivastava R, Kumar R, Nagpure NS, Dabas A, Srivastava SK: In situ assessment of genotoxic and mutagenic potential of polluted river water in Channa punctatus and Mystus vittatus. Int Aquat Res, 4:16, 2012. DOI: 10.1186/iar.2008-6970-4-16
Bancroft JD, Gamble M: Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques. 5 th ed., Churchill Livingstone London, 125-138, 2007. DOI: 10963990
Hardisty JF: Factors inflencing laboratory animal spontaneous tumor profiles. Toxicol Pathol, 13, 95-104, 1985.
Shackelford C, Gerald L, Jeffey W, Carlin O, Ronald H: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of non neoplastic lesions in toxicology studies. Toxicol Pathol, 30, 93-96, 2002.
Cagauan GA, Tayaban RH, Somga JR, Bartolome RM: Effct of Afltoxin contaminated feed in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Tilapia Aquaculture. 172-178, 2004.
Zaki MS, Sharaf NE, Rashad H, Mostafa SO, Fawzy OM: Diminution of afltoxicosis in Tilapia nilotica fish by dietary supplementation with fix in toxin and Nigella sativa oil. Am Eur J Agric Environ Sci, 3, 211-215, 2008.
Andleeb S, Ashraf M, Hafeez-ur-Rehman M, Jabba MA, Abbas F, Younus M: Effct of afltoxin B1 -contaminated feed on growth and vital organs of advance fry of Catla catla. J Anim Plant Sci, 25, 816-824, 2015.
Varuna B, Jayaraj EG, Nesara KM, Abhiman KB: Effect of dietary incorporated afltoxin (AFB1 ) on the survival and growth performance of Labeo rohita. J Exp Zool India, 18, 603-607, 2015.
Sepahdari A, Mosavi HAE, Sharifpour I, Khosravi A, Motallebi AA, Mohseni M, Kakoolaki S, Pourali HR, Hallajian A: Effcts of diffrent dietary levels of AFB1 on survival rate and growth factors of Beluga (Huso huso). Iranian J Fish Sci, 9, 141-150, 2010.
Wang X, Wang Y, Li Y, Huang M, Gao Y, Xue X, Zhang H, Encarnação P, Santos GA, Gonçalves RA: Response of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) to diffrent dietary concentrations of afltoxin B1 and evaluation of an afltoxin binder in offetting its negative effcts. Ciên Mar, 42, 15-29, 2016. DOI: 10.7773/cm.v.42i1.2595
Jantrarotai W, Lovell RT, Grizzle JM: Acute toxicity of atlatoxin B1 to channel catfish. J Aquat Anim Health, 2, 237-247, 1990. DOI: 10.1577/ 1548-8667(1990)002<0237:ATOABT>2.3.CO;2
Hendricks JD: Carcinogenicity of aflatoxins in non mammalian organisms. In, Eaton DL, Groopman JD (Eds): The Toxicology of Afltoxins: Human Health, Veterinary, and Agricultural Significance. Academic Press, New York, 103-136, 1994.
Rizkalla EH, Zahra MH, Deab A, Farag MF: Hematological responses of Oreochromis aureus to dietary afltoxins contamination and the role of selenium and vitamin E. Alex J Vet Sci, 13, 423-438, 1997.
Mwihia EW, Mbuthia PG, Eriksen GS, Gathumbi JK, Maina JG, Mutoloki S, Waruiru RM, Mulei IR, Lyche JL: Occurrence and levels of afltoxins in fish feeds and their potential effcts on fish in Nyeri, Kenya. Toxins (Basel), 10:543, 2018.
Abd-Allah GA, El-Fayoumi RI, Smith MJ, Heckmann RA, O’Neill KL: A comparative evaluation of afltoxin B1 genotoxicity in fish models using the Comet assay. Mutation Res, 446, 181-188, 1999. DOI: 10.1016/s1383- 5718(99)00181-3