VEHBİ GÜNEŞ, Ahmet ÜNVER, MEHMET ÇİTİL, Hidayet Metin MehmetERDOĞAN ÇİTİL

Kars yöresi neonatal buzağı ishallerinde Escherichia coli serotip 0157 ve clostridium perfringens tip A $\alpha$-toksini

Bu çalışmada, Kars yöresinde yetiştirilen neonatal ishalli ve sağlıklı buzağılarda Escherichia coli O157 ve Clostridium perfringens tip A $\alpha$ -toksininin yaygınlığının belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Yedi farklı odak ve sığırcılık yapan 45 adet işletme iki safhalı kota örnekleme metodu kullanılarak tesadüfi olarak seçildi. Eylül 2001 ve Temmuz 2002 tarihleri arasında 106 ishalli ve 43 sağlıklı buzağıdan dışkı örnekleri toplandı. Bu örneklerden izole edilen E. coli: suşlarının Latex aglutinasyon testi ile O157 serotipi olup olmadığı araştırıldı. Aynı örnekler ticari latex aglutinasyon testi kullanılarak Cl. perfringes tip A $\alpha$-toksinin varlığı yönünden incelendi. Çiftliklerdeki neonatal buzağıların % 39.4'ünda Cl. perfringens tip A enterotoksini belirlenirken sadece % 18.2'sinde E.coli 0157 belirlendi. İshalli buzağılarda Cl. perfringens tip A $\alpha$-toksini oranı %32.6 (16.49) iken kontrollerde bu oran % 6.3 (2/32) olarak bulundu (P=0.01). E. coli 0157 açısından ishalli (% 5.8, 6/104) ve kontrol (%6.9, 3/43) grupları arasındaki fark anlamlı değildi (P=0.9). Yaşın ilerlemesiyle Cl. perfringens tip A alfa toksini ve E. coli yüzdeleri ters orantılı olduğu bulundu. Çiftliklerdeki neonatal buzağı sayısı arttıkça E. coli 0157 ve Cl. perfringens tip A $\alpha$ -toksininin prevalansının da arttığı görüldü. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda Kars yöresinde yetiştirilen buzağıların ishal vakalarının etiyolojisi ve epidemiyolojisinin değerlendirilmesinde, E. coli 0157 ve Cl. perfringens tip A'nın $\alpha$ -toksinin de mutlaka göz önünde tutulması gerektiği belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

epidemiyoloji, etiyoloji, ishal, buzağı, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, toksinler, Kars

The prevalance of Escherichia coli O157 serotype and Clostridium perfringens type A $\alpha$ toxin in neonatal diarrhoeic calves in Kars district

This study aimed at determining the frequency of Escherichia coli O157 and Cl. perfringens type A $\alpha$ toxin in diarrhoeic and healthy neonatal calves in Kars district. Seven localities and 45 dairy farms within the district were selected using a two-stage stratified random sampling strategy. Faecal samples were collected from 106 diarrhoeic between September 2001 and July 2002. E. coli isolates were cultured by conventional methods. Faecal for the presence of E. coli O157 and Cl. perfringens type A $\alpha$-toxins by means of commercial latex proportion of farms affected by E. coli 0157 and Cl. perfringens type A a-toxins was 18.2% and 39.4% respectively.The propotion of Cl.perfringens type A $\alpha$ toxins was 32.6% in diarrheic calves, while it was 6.3% in healthy calves (P=0.01) The differences between the propotion of E. coli O157 in diarrhoeic and healthy calves were not significant (P=0.9). There was an inversely proportional relationship between age of calves and the propotion of Cl.perfringens type A $\alpha$-toxins and E. coli O157.

Keywords:

epidemiology, aetiology, diarrhoea, calves, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, toxins, Kars,

PDF

___

1.Diker KS, İstanbulluoğlu E: Sağlıklı ve sürgünlü hayvanlar dan C. fetus subsup. jejuni izolasyonu üzerine çalışmalar, AÜ VetFakDerg, 30(1): 28-34,1983.

2.Burgu İ, Öztürk F: Neonatal dönemdeki buzağıların viral has talıkları. Neonatal Buzağı Kayıpları Sempozyumu, SÜ Veteri ner Fakültesi, Konya, 50-59,1986.

3.Aslan V: Buzağı ishalleri ve tedavileri. Neonatal Buzağı Ka yıpları Sempozyumu, SÜ Veteriner Fakültesi, Konya, 59-69, 1986.

4.Bilal T: Enteritisli danalarda etyoloji, fiyopatolojik değişiklik ler, sağaltım ve semptomatik, dietetik önlemler. İÜ Vet Fak Derg, 16(2): 169-180,1990.

5.Armstrong GL, Hollingsworth J, Morris JG: Emerging fo- odborne pathogens: Escherichia coli O157:H7 as a model of entry of a new pathogen into the food supply of the developed world. Epidemiol Rev, 18(1): 29-51, 1996.

6.Estrada AE, Taylor DJ: Porcine Clostridium perfringens type A spores, enterotoxin, and antibody to enterotoxin. Vet Rec, 124: 606-610, 1989.

7.Chinen I, Otero JL, Miliwebsky ES, Roldan ML, Baschki- er A, Chillemi GM, Noboli C, Frizzo L, Rivas M: Isolation and characterisation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 from calves in Argentina. Res Vet Sci, 74: 283-286, 2003.

8.Holland RE: Some infectious causes of diarrhea in young farm animals. Clin Microbiol Rev, 3: 345-375, 1990.

9.Wray C, McLaren IM, Carroll PJ: Escherichia coli isolated from farm animals in England and Wales between 1986 and 1991. Vet Rec, 133: 439-442, 1993.

10.Roussel AJ, Sriranganathan N, Brown S A, Sweatt D: Effect of flunixin meglumine on Escherichia coli heat-stable entero- toxin-induced diarrhea in calves. Am J Vet Res, 49: 1431-1433, 1988.

11.Blowey RW: A Veterinary Book for Dairy Farmers. 2nd ed. Farming Press Ltd. Great Britain, pp: 15-77, 1993.

12.De la Fuente RA, Garcia JA, Ruiz-Santa-Quiteria JA, Luzon M, Cid D, Garcia S, Orden JA, Gomez-Bautista M: Proportional morbidity rates of enteropathogens among diarr-heic dairy calves in central Spain. Prev Vet Med, 36: 145-152, 1998.

13.Erganiş O, Ateş M, Çorlu M, Kaya O: Konya bölgesindeki ishalli buzağılardan izole edilen E. coli'lerin biyokimyasal, he-maglütinasyon, mannoz rezistan hemaglütinasyon ve enteropa-tojenik özellikleri üzerinde araştırmalar. Doğa Türk Vet Hay Derg, 13(2): 108-122, 1989.

14.Emre Z, Fidancı H: Prevalence of mix infections of Cryptos-poridium spp., Escherichia coli K99 and Rotavirus in the faeces of diarrhoeic and healthy cattle in Ankara, Turkey and in vitro resistance of Escherichia coli K99 to antimicrobial agents. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 22: 175-178, 1998.

15.Çabalar M, Boynukara B, Gülhan T, Ekin IH: Prevalence of Rotavirus, Escherichia coli K99 and O157:H7 in healthy dairy cattle herds in Van, Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 25: 191-196,2001.

16.Aydın F, Umur Ş, Gökçe G, Genç O, Güler MA: Kars yöresindeki ishalli buzağılardan bakteriyel ve paraziter etkenlerin izolasyonu ve identifikasyonu. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 7(1): 7-14, 2001.

17.Radostits OM, Blood DC, Gay CC: Veterinary Medicine. 8th ed. Bailliare Tindall, London. U.K, pp: 242-314,684-687, 884-908,965-973,1016-1094,1994.

18.Fleming S: Enterotoxemia in neonatal calves. Vet Clin North Am: Food Anim Pract, 10(1): 509-514, 1994.

19.Manteca C, Daube G, Pirson V, Limbourg B, Kaeckenbe-eck A, Mainil JG: Bacterial intestinal flora associated with enterotoxaemia in Belgian Blue calves. Vet Microbiol, 81(1):21-32,2001.

20.Niilo L: Enterotoxemic Clostridium perfringens. In: Gyles CL, Thoen CO (Ed). Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals. Iowa State University Pres, Ames, USA, pp. 114-123, 1993.

21.Younan M, Drescher B: Clostridium perfringens Typ A- En-terotoxamie beim Schaf. Tierârztl. Umschau, 51: 487-489,1996.

22.Turgut K, Ok M: Veteriner Gastroenteroloji: Semptomdan Teşhise. Bahçıvanlar Basım San. A.Ş. Konya, 366-373, 1997.

23.Fleming S: Enterotoxemia in Neonatal Calves. In: Hunt E (Ed). Vet Clin North Am: Food Anim Pract, 1; 509-514, 1985.

24.Quinn PJ, Carter ME, Markey B, Carter GR: Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. Mosby-Wolfe, London, U.K, 1994.

25.Arda M, Aydın N, İlgaz A, Minbay A, Kahraman M, Izgür M, Leloğlu N, Akay Ö, Diker KS: Özel Mikrobiyoloji. 5. baskı, Medisan, Ankara, 1999.

26.Dean AG, Dean JA, Coulombier D, Brendel KA, Smith DC, Burton AH, Dicker RC, Sullivan KM, Fagan RF, Ar-ner TG: Epi-Info, Version 6: A word processing, database, and statistics program for epidemiology on microcomputers. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia,U.S.A., 1994.

27.Garcia A, Ruiz-Santa-Quiteria JA, Orden JA, Cid D, Sanz R, Gomez-Bautista M, de la Fuenta R: Survey of rotavirus and concurrent infections with other enteropathogens in neonatal diarrhoeic calves in Spain. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Disease, 34: 321-332, 1993.

28.Perez E, Kummeling A, Janssen MMH, Jimenez C, Al-varado R, Caballero M, Donado P, Dwinger RH: Infectious agents associated with diarrhoea of calves in the canton of Tilaran, Costa Rica. Prev Vet Med, 33: 195-205,1998.

29.De la Fuente R, Luzon M, Ruiz-Santa-Quiteria JA, Garcia A, Cid D, Orden JA, Garcia S, Sanz R, Gomez-Bautista M: Cryptosporidium and concurrent infections with other major enterophatogens in 1 to 30-day-old diarrheic dairy calves in central Spain. Vet Parasitol, 80: 179-185, 1999.

30.Haggard DL: Bovine enteric colibacillosis. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 10 (1): 495-508, 1985.

31.Hunt E: Age predisposition of diarrheal diseases in the neonatal calf. Vet Clin North Am: Food Anim Pract, 10 (1):653,1985.

32.De Visser NA, Breukink HJ, van Zijderveld FG, de Leeuw PW: Enteric infections in veal calves: a longitudinal study on four veal calf units. Vet Quart, 9(4): 289-96, 1987.

33.Jelinski MD, Ribble CS, Chirino-TVejo M, Clark EG, Jan-zen ED: The relationship between the presence of Helicobac-ter pylori, Clostridium perfringens type A, campylobacter spp, or fungi and fatal abomasal ulcers in unwearied beef calves. Can VetJ, 36: 379-382, 1995.

34.Brynestad S, Granum P: Clostridium perfringens and food-borne infections. Int J Food Microbiol, 74: 195-202, 2002.