GÖKALP ÖZMEN GÜLER, Abdurrahman AKTÜMSEK, ALİ KARABACAK

Effect of feeding regime on fatty acid composition of Longissimus dorsi muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue of Akkaraman lambs

Bu çalışmada, kuzuların Longissimus dorsi kası ve subkutan adipoz dokusunun konjuge linoleik asiti de (CLA) içeren yağ asidi bileşimi üzerine besleme rejiminin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Aynı sürüden, Türkiye’deki en yaygın koyun ırkı olan 45 erkek Akkaraman süt kuzusu doğumdan sütten kesime kadar başlıca anne sütü ile beslenmiş ve sonra üç aylık ve ortalama 25 kg ağırlığında iken 3 gruba ayrılmıştır (sadece anne sütü ile beslenen grup, mera ile beslenen grup ve konsantre yem ile beslenen grup). Mera ile beslenen kuzuların Longissimus dorsi kası, diğer gruplara göre önemli derecede fazla toplam CLA, n-3 ve n-3/n-6 oranı içermektedir. Bunun yanısıra, subkutan adipoz dokusunda merada beslenen kuzular konsantre yem ile beslenen kuzulara kıyasla önemli derecede daha fazla toplam doymuş yağ asidi (SFA), CLA, n-3 ve n-3/n-6 oranı içermektedir. Sonuç olarak, kuzuların intramuskular kası ve subkutan adipoz dokusunun yağ asidi bileşimi besleme rejiminde mera kullanılarak iyileştirilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

kaslar, derialtı yağı, yağ dokusu, koyun beslenmesi, koyun ırkları, meralar, yağ asitleri, koyun sütü, konsantreler, doymuş yağ asitleri, koyun, Akkaraman, kuzu beslenmesi, otlatma, emiştirme, kuzu, linoleik asit, longissimus dorsi

Akkaraman kuzuların Longissimus dorsi kası ve subkutan adipoz dokusunun yağ asidi bileşimi üzerine besleme rejiminin etkisi

In this study, effect of feeding regime on fatty acid composition including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) of Longissimus dorsi muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue from lambs were investigated. From same flock, forty-five male Akkaraman suckling lambs, the most common lamb breeds in Turkey, were fed mainly maternal milk from birth to weaning and then were divided into three groups (only maternal milk-fed group, pasture-fed group and concentrate-fed group) at three months of age with an average live weight of 25 kg. Longissimus dorsi muscle from pasture fed-lambs contained significantly more total CLA, n-3 and n-3/n-6 ratio than other groups. In addition, pasture-fed lambs contained significantly more total saturated fatty acid (SFA), CLA, n-3 and n-3/n-6 ratio compared concentrate fed-lambs in subcutaneous adipose tissue. In conclusion, intramuscular muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue fatty acid composition of lamb can be improved by pasture in the feeding regime.

Keywords:

muscles, subcutaneous fat, adipose tissue, sheep feeding, sheep breeds, pastures, fatty acids, ewe milk, concentrates, saturated fatty acids, sheep, Akkaraman, lamb feeding, grazing, suckling, lambs, linoleic acid, longissimus dorsi,

PDF

___

1. French P, Stanton C, Lawless F, O’Riordan EG, Monahan FJ, Caffrey PJ, Moloney AP: Fatty acid composition, including conjugated linoleic acid, of intramuscular fat from steers offered grazed grass, grass silage, or concentrate-based diets. J Anim Sci, 78, 2849-2855, 2000.
2. Deparment of Health: Report on Health and Social Subjects No. 46. Nutritional Aspects of Cardiovascular Disease. London, HMSO, 1994.
3. Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Aschiero A, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH, Willett WC: Dietary saturated fats and their food sources in relation to the risk of coronary heart disease in women. Am J Clin Nutr, 70, 1001-1008, 1999.
4. Pariza MW, Park Y, Cook ME: The biologically active isomers of conjugated linoleic acid. Prog Lipid Res, 40, 283-298, 2001.
5. Griinari JM, Bauman DE: Biosynthesis of conjugated linoleic acid and its incorporation into meat and milk in ruminants. In, Yurawecz MP, Mossoba MM, Kramer JKG, Pariza MW, Nelson GJ (Eds): Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research. Vol. I, pp. 180-200. AOCS Press, Champaign, IL, 1999.
6. Kris-Etherton PM, Harris WS, Appel LJ: Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Circulation, 106, 2747-2757, 2002.
7. Belury MA: Dietary conjugated linoleic acid in health: Physiological effects and mechanisms of action. Annu Rev Nutr, 22, 505-531, 2002.
8. Ip C, Singh M, Thompson HJ, Scimeca JA: Conjugated linoleic acid suppresses mammary carcinogenesis and proliferative activity of the mammary gland in the rat. Cancer Res, 54 (5): 1212-1215, 1994.
9. Nicolosi RJ, Rogers EJ, Kritchevsky D, Scimeca JA, Huth PJ: Dietary conjugated linoleic acid reduces plasma lipoproteins and early aortic atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Artery, 22, 266-277, 1997.
10. Cook ME, Miller CC, Park Y, Pariza MW: Immune modulation by altered nutrient metabolism-nutritional control of immune-induced growth depression. Poultry Sci, 72, 1301-1305, 1993.
11. Belury MA, Kempa-Steczko A: Conjugated linoleic acid modulates hepatic lipid composition in mice. Lipids, 32, 199-204, 1997.
12. Wood JD, Richardson RI, Nute GR, Fisher AV, Campo MM, Kasapidou E, Sheard PR, Enser M: Effects of fatty acids on meat quality: A review. Meat Sci, 66, 21-32, 2004.
13. Santos-Silva J, Bessa RJB, Santos-Silva F: Effect of genotype, feeding system and slaughter weight on the quality of light lambs II. Fatty acid composition of meat. Livest Prod Sci, 77, 187-194, 2002.
14. Akman N, Emiroğlu M, Tavmen A: Koyunculuk, Dünya’da - Avrupa Birliği’nde- Türkiye’de Hayvansal Üretim ve Ticareti. Çamlıca Kültür ve Yardım Vakfı, İstanbul, 159 s, 2001.
15. Anonymous: Statistical Yearbook of Turkey. State Institute of Statistics Prime Ministry Republic of Turkey. Ankara, 2000.
16. Folch J, Lees M, Sloane Stanley GH: A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem, 226, 497-509, 1957.
17. ISO-International Organization for Standardization: Animal and Vegetable Fats and Oils - Preparation of Methyl Esters of Fatty Acids. ISO. Geneve, Method ISO 5509. pp. 1-6. 1978.
18. Ledoux M, Chardigny JM, Darbois M, Soustre Y, Sebedio JL, Laloux L: Fatty acid composition of French butters, with special emphasis on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers. J Food Compos Anal, 18, 409-425, 2005.
19. Ergün G, Aktaş S: ANOVA modellerinde kareler toplamı yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 15 (3): 481-484, 2009.
20. Mendeş M, Akkartal E: Comparison of ANOVA F and WELCH tests with their respective permutation versions in terms of type 1 error rates and test power. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 16 (5): 711-716, 2010.
21. Osorio MT, Zumalacarregui JM, Figueira A, Mateo J: Fatty acid composition in subcutaneous, intermuscular and intramuscular fat deposits of suckling lamb meat: Effect of milk source. Small Rumin Res, 73, 127-134, 2007.
22. Wistuba TJ, Kegley EB, Apple JK, Rule DC: Feeding feedlot steers fish oil alters the fatty acid composition of adipose and muscle tissue. Meat Sci, 77, 196-203, 2007.
23. Lee JH, Kannan G, Eega KR, Kouakou B, Getz WR: Nutritional and quality characteristics of meat from goats and lambs finished under identical dietary regime. Small Rumin Res, 74, 255-259, 2008.
24. Demirel G, Ozpinar H, Nazli B, Keser O: Fatty acids of lamb meat from two breeds fed different forage: concentrate ratio. Meat Sci, 72, 229-235, 2006.
25. Fisher AV, Enser M, Richardson RI, Wood JD, Nute GR, Kurt E, Sinclair LA, Wilkinson RG: Fatty acid composition and eating quality of lamb types derived from four diverse breed x production systems. Meat Sci, 55, 141-147, 2000.
26. Nuernberg K, Fischer A, Nuernberg G, Ender K, Dannenberger D: Meat quality and fatty acid composition of lipids in muscle and fatty tissue of Skudde lambs fed grass versus concentrate. Small Rumin Res, 74, 279-283, 2008.
27. Juarez M, Horcada A, Alcalde MJ, Valera M, Polvillo O, Molina A: Meat and fat quality of unweaned lambs as affected by slaughter weight and breed. Meat Sci, 83, 308-313, 2009.
28. Talpur FN, Bhanger MI, Sherazi STH: Intramuscular fatty acid profile of longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus muscle from Pateri goats fed under traditional feeding system of Sindh, Pakistan. Meat Sci, 80, 819-822, 2008.
29. Velasco S, Caneque V, Perez C, Lauzurica S, Diaz MT, Huidobro F, Manzanares C, Gonzalez J: Fatty acid composition of adipose depots of suckling lambs raised under different production systems. Meat Sci, 59, 325-333, 2001.
30. Aurousseau B, Bauchart D, Calichon E, Micol D, Priolo A: Effect of grass or concentrate feeding systems and rate of growth on triglyceride and phospholipid and their fatty acids in the M. longissimus thoracis of lambs. Meat Sci, 66, 531-541, 2004.
31. Scerra M, Caparra P, Foti F, Galofaro V, Sinatra MC, Scerra V: Influence of ewe feeding systems on fatty acid composition of suckling lambs. Meat Sci, 76, 390-394, 2007.
32. Diaz MT, Alvarez I, De la Fuente J, Sanudo C, Campo MM, Oliver MA, Furnols MFI, Montossi F, San Julian R, Nute GR, Caneque V: Fatty acid composition of meat from typical lamb production systems of Spain, United Kingdom, Germany and Uruguay. Meat Sci, 71, 256-263, 2005.
33. Cividini A, Levart A, Zgur S: Fatty acid composition of lamb meat as affected by production system, weaning and sex. Acta Agric Slovenica, 2, 47-52, 2008.
34. Realini CE, Duckett SK, Brito GW, Dalla Rizza M, De Mattos D: Effect of pasture vs. concentrate feeding with or without antioxidants on carcass characteristics, fatty acid composition, and quality of Uruguayan beef. Meat Sci, 66, 567-577, 2004.
35. Noci F, Monahan FJ, French P, Moloney AP: The fatty acid composition of muscle fat and subcutaneous adipose tissue of pasture-fed beef heifers: Influence of the duration of grazing. J Anim Sci, 83, 1167-1178, 2005.
36. Işık S, Kaya İ: Vejetasyon döneminin mera kalitesi ile merada otlayan Tuj ırkı koyun ve kuzuların besi performansı üzerine etkisi. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 17 (1): 7-11, 2011.
37. Dannenberger D, Nuernberg K, Nuernberg G, Scollan N, Steinhart H, Ender K: Effect of pasture vs. concentrate diet on CLA isomer distribution in different tissue lipids of beef cattle. Lipids, 40, 589-598, 2005.
38. Aurousseau B, Bauchart D, Faure X, Galot AL, Prache S, Micol D, Priolo A: Indoor fattening of lambs raised on pasture: (1) Influence of stall finishing duration on lipid classes and fatty acids in the longissimus thoracis muscle. Meat Sci, 76, 241-252, 2007.
39. Poulson CS, Dhiman TR, Ure AL, Cornforth D, Olson KC: Conjugated linoleic acid content of beef from cattle fed diets containing high grain, CLA, or raised on forages. Livest Prod Sci, 91, 117-128, 2004.
40. Steen RWJ, Porter MG: The effects of high-concentrate diets and pasture on the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in beef muscle and subcutaneous fat. Grass Forage Sci, 58, 50-57, 2003.
41. De la Fuente J, Diaz MT, Alvarez I, Oliver MA, Furnols MFI, Sanudo C, Campo MM, Montossi F, Nute GR, Caneque V: Fatty acid and vitamin E composition of intramuscular fat in cattle reared in different production systems. Meat Sci, 82, 331-337, 2009.