This study was aimed to provide information about the status of the immune system by revealing changes in peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) percentages, ANAE- and ACP-ase(+) lymphocyte rates in peripheral blood (PB) and endometrium tissues of experimental hypothyroidisminduced rats. In this study, 15 healthy female Wistar Albino rats were used. Rats were fed through 4 weeks. The Group E (experimental, n=9) is group that were made hypothyroidism by intraperitoneal methimazole enjection for 2 weeks. Rats of the Group C (control, n=6) were untreated. In the 2nd and 4th weeks, ANAE- and ACP-ase(+) lymphocyte rates of the Group E were higher than Group C in PB. Excepting eosinophil and basophil leukocyte rates, there was no statistical difference in the other PBL percentages in the both of weeks. In PB, while lymphocyte rate of the 4th week was no statistically different (P>0.05), it was found lower in Group C. There was no alteration in ANAE- and ACP-ase(+) lymphocyte rates of uterine tissue. As a result, whereas hypothyroidism caused significant alterations in PBL and T lymphocyte rates, the any marked changes was not observed in the uterine tissue.
Bu çalışma, deneysel hipotiroidi oluşturulan ratların periferal kan lökosit (PKL) yüzdelerindeki, periferal kan ve endometriyum dokularındaki ANAE ve ACP-az (+) lenfosit oranlarındaki değişiklikleri açığa çıkararak bağışıklık sisteminin durumu hakkında bilgi vermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada 15 sağlıklı dişi Wistar Albino rat kullanıldı. Ratlar 4 hafta boyunca beslendi. Grup D (deneysel, n=9) 2 hafta boyunca intraperitoneal methimazol enjeksiyonu ile hipotiroidizm oluşturulan gruptur. Grup K’nın (kontrol, n=6) ratları normal beslendi. İkinci ve dördüncü haftalarda, Grup D’nin periferal kandaki ANAE- ve ACP-az(+) lenfosit oranları Grup K’den yüksekti. Eozinofil ve bazofil lökosit oranları hariç olmak üzere, her iki haftada da diğer PKL oranlarında istatistiksel bir fark yoktu. 4. haftadaki periferal kan lenfosit oranı istatistiksel olarak farklı bulunmazken (P>0.05), Grup K’de daha düşük bulundu. Uterus dokusunda ANAE- ve ACP-az(+) lenfosit oranlarında değişiklik görülmedi. Sonuç olarak, hipotiroidizmin PKL ve T lenfosit oranlarında önemli değişikliklere neden olurken uterus dokusunda herhangi belirgin bir değişikliğe yol açmadığı gözlendi.
___
Cakic-Milosevic M, Korac A, Davidovic V: Methimazole induced hypothyroidism in rats: Effets on body weight and histological characteristics of thyroid gland. Jugoslov Med Biohem, 23 (2): 143-147, 2004. DOI: 10.2298/JMH0402143C
Krassas GE: Thyroid disease and female reproduction. Fertil Steril, 74 (6): 1063-1070, 2000. DOI: 10.1016/S0015-0282(00)01589-2
Ladenson PW: Problems in the management of hypothyroidism. In, Braverman LE (Ed): Diseases of the Thyroid. 161-176, Humana Press, Totawa, NJ, 2003.
Silva JE: Thyroid hormone control of thermogenesis and energy balance. Thyroid, 5, 481-492, 2005. DOI: 10.1089/thy.1995.5.481
Barreiro Arcos ML, Gorelik G, Klecha A, Genaro AM, Cremaschi GA: Thyroid hormones inrease inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression from PKC-ζ in murine T lymphocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 291 (2): C327-C336, 2006. DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00316.2005
Hodkinson CCF, Simpson EEA, Beattie JH, O’Conner JM, Campbell DJ, Strain JJ, Wallace JMW: Preliminary evidence of immune function modulation by thyroid hormones in healthy man and women aged 55-70 years. J Endocrinol, 202 (1): 55-63, 2009. DOI: 10.1677/JOE-08-0488
Volpe R: The immunomodulatory effects of antithyroid drugs are mediated via actions on tyhroid cells, affecting thyrocytesignalling: A review. Curr Pharm Des, 7 (6): 451-460, 2001. DOI: 10.2174/ 1381612013397898
Hrycek A: Functional characterization of peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with primary hypothyroidism. Folia Biol, 39 (6): 304-310, 1993.
Stagnaro-Green A, Abalovich M, Alexander E, Azizi F, Mestman J, Negro R, Nixon A, Pearce EN, Soldin OP, Sullivan S, Wiersinga W: Guideliness of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of the thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum. Thyroid, 21 (10): 1081-1125, 2011. DOI: 10.1089/thy.2011.0087
Inuwa I, Williams MA: Morphometric study on the uterine horn and thyroid gland in hypothyroid, and thyroxine treated hypothyroid rats. J Anat, 188, 383-393, 1996.
Kirby JD, Jetton AE, Cooke PS, Hess RA, Bunick D, Ackland JF, Turek FW, Schwartz NB: Developmental hormonal profiles accompanying the neonatal hypothyroidism-induced increase in adult testicular size and sperm production in the rat. Endocrinology, 131, 559-565, 1992. DOI: 10.1210/endo.131.2.1639007
Sharkey A: Cytokines and implantation. Rev Reprod, 3, 52-61, 1998.
Salamonsen LA: Role of proteases in implantation. Rev Reprod, 4, 11- 22, 1999.
Martinez CM, Buendia AJ, Sanchez J, Navarro JA: Immunophenotypical characterization of lymphocyte suppopulations of the uterus of non-pregnant and pregnant goats. Anat Histol Embryol, 34, 240- 246, 2005. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2005.00606.x
Akbulut B, Sur E, Okur DN: Determination of the AgNOR parameters, MN frequency ANAE and ACP-ase positivity of PBL in pregnants. Selçuk Tıp Derg, 31 (4): 344-350, 2015.
Basso G, Cocito MG, Semenzato G, Pezzutto A, Zanesco L: Cytochemical study of thymocytes and T lymphocytes. Br J Haematol, 44 (4): 577-582, 1980. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1980.tb08712.x
Parija SC, Mishra SK, Raviprakash V: Hypothyroid state reduces calcium channel function in 18-day pregnant rat uterus. Indian J Exp Biol, 44, 19-27, 2006.
Swann AC: Noradrenaline and thyroid function regulate (Na+-K+) adenosine triphosphate independently in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol, 169 (2-3): 275-283, 1989. DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(89)90025-3
Dönmez HH, Eken E, Beşoluk K, Sur E: The histological characteristics and localisation of ACP and ANAE positive lymphocytes in the eosophageal tonsil of the duck (Anas platyrhynchos). Avian Biol Res, 5 (1): 11-15, 2012. DOI: 10.3184/175815512x13264771062961
Demir R, Yılmazer S, Öztürk M, Üstünel İ, Demir N, Korgun ET, Akkoyunlu G: Histolojik Boyama Teknikleri Başvuru Kitabı. 267-269, Palme Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2007.
SPSS: SPSS 21.0 for Windows. IBM SPSS Statistics, USA, 2012.
DeRuiter J: Thyroid hormone tutorial: the thyroid and thyroid hormones. In, DeRuiter J (Ed): Endocrine Pharmacotherapy Module: Thyroid, Summer, 1-16, 2001
Jameson JL, Weetman AP: Disorders of the thyroid gland. In, Jameson JL (Ed): Harrison’s Endocrinology. 62-69, The McGraw-Hill Companies, New York, 2010.
Homsanit M, Sriussadapom S, Vannasaeng S, Peerapatdit T, Nitiyanant W, Vichayanrat A: Efficacy of single daily dosage of methimazole vs. propylthiouracil in the induction of euthyroidism. Clin Endocrinol, 54, 385-390, 2001.
De Vito P, Incerpi S, Pederson JZ, Luly P, Davis FB, Davis PJ: Thyroid hormones as modulators of immune activities at the cellular level. Thyroid, 21 (8): 879-890, 2011. DOI: 10.1089/thy.2010.0429
Keast D, Taylor K: The effect of tri-iodothyronine on the phytohaemaglutinin response of T lymphocytes. Clin Exp Immunol, 47, 217- 220, 1982.
Ong ML, Malkin DG, Malkin A: Alteration of lymphocyte reactivities by thyroid hormones. Int J Immunopharmacol, 8, 755-762, 1986. DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(86)90012-3
Klecha AJ, Genaro AM, Lysionek AE, Caro RA, Coluccia AG, Cremaschi GA: Experimental evidence pointing to the bidirectional interaction between the immune system and the thyroid axis. Int J Immunopharmacol, 22, 491-500, 2000. DOI: 10.1016/S0192- 0561(00)00012-6
Herington JL, Bany BM: Effect of the conceptus on uterine natural killer cell numbers and functionin the mouse uterus during decidualization. Biol Reprod, 76, 579-588, 2007. DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.106.056630
Karaca T, Yörük M, Uslu S, Uslu BA, Çetin Y: Preimplatasyon sürecindeki keçilerin dişi genital kanal organlarında plazma hücresi ve alfa naftil asetat esteraz pozitif lenfositlerin dağılımı. YYU Vet Fak Derg, 20 (2): 1-5, 2009.