Özlem GÜVEN, Recep BAYDAR, İsmail KARACA, Engin KILIÇ

Bazı Entomopatojenik Fungusların Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera littoralis, Tenebrio molitor ve Blattella germanica’ya Karşı Öldürücü Etkileri

Isparta topraklarından izole edilen 9 Beauveria bassiana ve bir Metarhizium anisoplia izolatının Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), Spodoptera littoralis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) ve Blattella germanica (L.) (Blattodea: Blattellidae) karşı laboratuvar şartlarında patojeniteleri belirlenmiştir. Fungal izolatlardan 2x107 conidia/mL konsantrasyonları hazırlanarak böceklerin üzerine el spreyi ile uygulanmıştır. Uygulama yapılan böcekler, 12 gün boyunca 26±1°C’de,% 0±5 nispi nemde inkübe edilmiştir. Tüm entomopatojenik funguslar, test edilen tüm böceklere etki göstermiş, ancak enfeksiyon oranları farklılık göstermiştir. B. bassiana ve M. anisopliae izolatları, B. germanica (3.3-6.7%) üzerinde çok düşük enfeksiyon oranı göstermiştir. Diğer böceklerde ise farklı ölüm oranları görülmüştür. H. armigera, S. littoralis ve T. molitor sırasıyla %53.3-73.3, %56.7-66.7 ve %73.3-80.0 enfeksiyon oranlarına görülmüştür. Bütün fungal izolatlar B. germanica üzerinde laboratuvar koşullarında çok etkili olmamış, diğer böcekler üzerinde etkinlik göstermiştir..

The Mortality Effects of Some Entomopathogenic Fungi Against Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera littoralis, Tenebrio molitor and Blattella germanica

Laboratory bioassay studies were conducted to determine the effects of 9 isolates of Beauveria bassiana and one isolate of Metarhiziumanisopliae, isolated from the soils in Isparta, Turkey, against Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), Spodoptera littoralis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae), Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Blattella germanica (L.) (Blattodea: Blattellidae). Concentrations of 2x107conidia/mL were applied on insects by hand sprayer. All treated insects were incubated at 26±1°C, 70±5% relative humidity for 12 days.All entomopathogenic fungi were infectious to all tested insects but infection rates were different. Isolates of B. bassiana and M. anisopliaeshowed very low infection rates on B. germanica (3.3-6.7%). Other insects had different mortality rates. H. armigera, S. littoralis and T. molitorhad 53.3-73.3%, 56.7-66.7% and 73.3-80.0% infection rates, respectively. As all fungal isolates were not very effective on B. germanica underlaboratory conditions but showed effectiveness on other insects.

PDF

___

1. Samson RA, Evans HC, Latge JP: Atlas of entomopathogenic fungi. 187, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1988.
2. Hajek AE, St Leger RJ: Interactions between fungal pathogens and insect hosts. Annu Rev Entomol, 39, 293-322, 1994. DOI: 10.1146/annurev. en.39.010194.001453
3. Lacey LA, Frutos R, Kaya KH, Vails P: Insect pathogens as biological control agents: Do they have a future. Biol Control, 21 (3): 230-248, 2001. DOI: 10.1006/bcon.2001.0938
4. Keller S, Zimmerman G: Mycopathogens of soil insects. In, Wilding N, Collins NM, Hammond PM, Webber JF (Eds): Insect-fungus interactions. 240-270, Academic Press. London, 1989.
5. Klingen I, Haukeland S: The soil as a reservoir for natural enemies of pest insects and mites with emphasis on fungi and nematodes. In, Eilenberg J and Hokkanen HMT (Eds): An ecological and societal approach to biological control. Series: Progress in biological control, Vol 2. 145-211, Springer Netherlands, 2006.
6. Miller DM, Koehler PG: Least Toxic Methods of Cockroach Control. ENY-258, a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. https://www.maine.gov/dacf/php/gotpests/bugs/ factsheets/cockroaches-fla.pdf. Accessed: 05.10.2018.
7. Suiter DR: Biological suppression of synanthropic cockroaches. J Agric Entomol, 14, 259-270, 1997.
8. Zukowski K, Bajan C: Studies of the usefulness of Beauveria bassiana for eradication of cockroaches (Blattella germanica L). Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig, 47, 343-349, 1996.
9. Steenberg T, Vagn-Jensen KM, Jensen KMV, Smits PH: Entomopathogenic fungi for control of German cockroach (Blattella germanica) and other synanthropic cockroaches. Insect pathogens and insect parasitic nematodes. Bulletin-OILB-SROP, 21, 145-150, 1998.
10. Anonymous: EPPO global database (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation). https://gd.eppo.int/. Accessed: 05.10.2018.
11. Purwar JP, Sachan GC: Biotoxicity of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae against Spodoptera litura and Spilarctia oblique. Ann Pl Protec Sci, 13 (2): 360-364, 2005.
12. Lin HF, Yang XJ, Gao YB, Li SG: Pathogenicity of several fungal species on Spodoptera litura. J Appl Ecol, 18, 937-940, 2007.
13. Asi MR, Bashir MH, Afzal M, Zia K, Akram M: Potential of entomopathogenic fungi for biological of Spodoptera litura Fabricus (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J Anim Plant Sci, 23 (3): 913-918, 2013.
14. Gabarty A, Salem HM, Fouda MA, Abass AA, Ibrahim AA: Pathogenicity induced by the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae in Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.). J Radiat Res Appl Sci, 7 (1): 95-100, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2013.12.004
15. Husnain H, Shahid AA, Ul Haq MI, Ali A, Muhammed U, Anam U: Efficacy ofentomopathogenic fungi as biological control agent against insect pests of Gossypium hirsutum. J Nat Sci Res, 4 (5): 68-72, 2014.
16. Pilz C, Wegensteiner R, Keller S: Natural occurrence of insect pathogenic fungi and insect parasitic nematodes in Diabrotica virgifera populations. BioControl, 53 (2): 353-359, 2008. DOI: 10.1007/s10526-007- 9074-4
17. Noland JL, Lilly JH, Baumann CA: A laboratory method for rearing cockroaches, and its application to dietary studies on the german roach, Ann Entomol Soc Am, 42 (1): 63-70, 1949. DOI: 10.1093/aesa/42.1.63
18. Singh AK, Rembold H: Maintenance of the cotton bollworm, Heliothis armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in laboratory culture-I. Rearing on semi-synthetic diet. Int J Trop Insect Sci, 13 (3): 333-338, 1992. DOI: 10.1017/S1742758400013588
19. Dong C, Fu Y, Liu G, Liu H: Low light intensity effects on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant capacity, yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at different growth stages in BLSS. Adv Space Res, 53, 1557-1566, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2014.02.004
20. Dong C, Hu D, Fu Y, Wang M, Liu H: Analysis and optimization of the effect of light and nutrient solution on wheat growth and development using an inverse system model strategy. Comput Electron Agric, 109, 221- 231, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.compag.2014.10.013
21. Baydar R, Güven Ö, Karaca I: Occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in agricultural soils from Isparta province in Turkey and their pathogenicity to Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae. Egypt J Biol Pest Co, 26 (2): 323-327, 2016.
22. Fancelli M, Dias AB, Junior ID, Cerqueira de Jesus S, Souza do Nascimento A, de Oliveira e Silva S, Caldas RC, Alberto da Silva Ledo C: Beauveria bassiana strains for biological control of Cosmopolites sordidus (Germ.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in plantain. BioMed Res Int, 2013:184756, 2013. DOI: 10.1155/2013/184756
23. Gutierrez AC, García JJ, Alzogaray RA, Urrutia MI, López LCC: Susceptibility of different life stages of Blattella germanica (Blattodea: Blattellidae) and Periplaneta fuliginosa (Blattodea: Blattidae) to entomopathogenic fungi. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci, 3 (12): 614-621, 2014.
24. Davari B, Limoee M, Khodavaisy S, Zamini G, Izadi S: Toxicity of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium muscarium against a field-collected strain of the German cockroach Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Trop Biomed, 32 (3): 463-470, 2015.
25. Anonoymus: Zirai Mücadele Teknik Talimatları. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlıgı, Tarımsal Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü, Bitki Sağlığı Araştırmaları Daire Başkanlığı. Yenimahalle, Ankara, 2008.
26. Ahmed AM, El-Katatny MH: Entomopatogenic fungi as biopesticides againist the Egyptian cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis: Between biocontrol promise and immune-limitation. J Egypt Soc Toxicol, 37, 39- 51, 2007.
27. Lin HP, Yang XJ, Gao YB, Li SG: Pathogenicity of several fungal species on Spodoptera litura. J Appl Ecol, 18 (4): 937-940, 2007.
28. El-Hawary FM, Abd El-Salam AME: Laboratory bioassay of some entomopathogenic fungi on Spodoptera littoralis and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.) larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Egypt Acad J Biolog Sci, 2, 1-4, 2009.
29. Revathi N, Ravikumar G, Kalaiselvi M, Gomathi D, Uma C: Pathogenicity of three entomopathogenic fungi against Helicoverpa armigera. J Plant Pathol Microbiol, 2:114, 2011. DOI: 10.4172/2157- 7471.1000114
30. Nguyen NTH, Borgemeister C, Poehling HM, Zimmermann G: Laboratory investigations on the potential of entomopathogenic fungi for biocontrol of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae and pupae. Biocontrol Sci Technol, 17 (8): 853-864, 2007. DOI: 10.1080/09583150701546375