Gizay DAVER, GÜRAY KÜÇÜKKOCAOĞLU

TURKISH BANKING SECTOR PERFORMANCE ANALYSES

This study evaluates the weaknesses and strengths of the Turkish banking sector by using the techniques of DuPont analysis and CAMELS rating from 2001 to 2017. The effects and results of the banking sector reconstruction program implemented after the 2001 financial crisis and Turkey’s attempt to become European Union member are also investigated and evaluated under the same time span. In general, due to financial recovery policies implemented after the 2001 economic crisis, the banking industry has had improvements and has become stronger as the performance gap between the analyzed units have converged over time. Traditional ratio analyses are found to be consistent with advanced models. Foreign banks performance is the worst of all. State owned deposit banks in the Turkish banking sector are performing better than their competitors. In order to maintain a solid and sustainable system, successful policies must continue. Also, supervisory transparency should be increased.

TÜRK BANKACILIK SİSTEMİ PERFORMANS ANALİZLERİ

Bu çalışma, DuPont analizi ve CAMELS derecelendirme tekniklerinden yararlanarak 2001 -2017 yılları arasında Türk bankacılık sektörünün zayıflıklarını ve güçlü yönlerini değerlendirmektedir. Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği üyeliği hedefleri kapsamında 2001 finansal krizi sonrasında uygulanan güçlü ekonomiye geçiş programının etkileri ve sonuçları incelenerek değerlendirlmiştir. Genel olarak, 2001 ekonomik krizinden sonra uygulanan finansal iyileşme politikaları sayesinde, bankacılık sektörü güçlenerek gelişmiş ve analiz edilen birimler arasındaki performans boşluğu daralmıştır. Geleneksel oran analizlerinin ileri modellerle tutarlı olduğu bulunmuştur. Yabancı bankaların performansı en kötüdür. Türk bankacılık sektöründeki devlete ait mevduat bankaları rakiplerinden daha iyi performans göstermektedir. Sağlam ve sürdürülebilir bir sistemi korumak için başarılı politikalar devam etmelidir. Ayrıca, denetleyici otorite şeffaflığı artırılmalıdır.

PDF

___

Akıncı, D. A., Matousek, R., Radic, N., & Stewart, C. (2012). Monetary policy and banking sector : Lessons from Turkey Working Paper. London Metropolitan University, London, UK.

Albayrak, Y. E., & Erkut, H. (2005). Banka performans değerlendirmede analitik hiyerarşi süreç yaklaşımı. Itüdergisi Mühendislik, 4(6), 47–58.

Ariff, M., & Can, L. (2008). IMF bank-restructuring efficiency outcomes: evidence from East Asia. Journal of Financial Services Research, 35(2), 167–187. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10693-008-0047-2

Aysan, A. F., & Ceyhan, Ş. P. (2008). What determines the banking sector performance in globalized financial markets? The case of Turkey. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 387(7), 1593– 1602. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2007.11.003

Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency. (2011). BDDK tarafindan bankalara ilişkin herhangi bir derecelendirme yapılmakta mıdır? Retrieved from https://www.bddk.org.tr/websitesi/turkce/Kurum_Bilgileri/SSS/10482d enetim3.pdf

Barros, C. P., Managi, S., & Matousek, R. (2012). The technical efficiency of the Japanese banks: Non-radial directional performance measurement with undesirable output. Omega, 40(1), 1–8. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2011.02.005

BDDK/Strateji Geliştirme Daire Başkanlığı. (2010). Bankacılıkta Yapısal Gelişmeler.

Berger, A. N. (2007). International comparisons of banking efficiency. New York University Salomon Center, Financial Markets, Institutions & Instruments, 16(3), 119–144.

Berger, A. N., & DeYoung, R. (1997). Problem loans and cost efficiency in commercial banks. Journal of Banking & Finance, 21(6), 849–870. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(97)00003-4

Berger, A. N., Deyoung, R., Genay, H., & Udell, G. F. (2000). Globalization of financial institutions : Evidence from cross-border banking performance. Brookings-Wharton Papers on Financial Services.

Berger, A. N., & Mester, L. J. (1997). Inside the black box: What explains differences in the efficiencies of financial institutions? Journal of Banking & Finance, 21(7), 895–947. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0378- 4266(97)00010-1

Bhaumik, S. K., & Dimova, R. (2004). How Important is ownership in a market with level playing field? Journal of Comparative Economics, 32(1), 165– 180. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2003.12.001

Bowlin, W. F., Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., & Sherman, H. D. (1985). Data envelopment analysis and regression approaches to efficiency estimation and evaluation*. Annals of Operations Research, 2, 113–138.

BRSA. (2001). Towards a Sound Turkish Banking Sector. Retrieved from http://www.bddk.org.tr/WebSitesi/english/Reports/Other_Reports/2642 annex_report_towards_a_sound_turkish_banking_sector.pdf

BRSA / Institutional Communication and Foreign Relations Department. (2015). BRSA Information Booklet. Ankara. Retrieved from http://www.bddk.org.tr/websitesi/english/About_Us/About_BRSA/5804 brsa_booklet_nov2015.pdf

Çinko, M., & Avcı, E. (2008). CAMELS dereceleme sistemi ve Türk ticari bankacılık sektöründe başarısızlık tahmini. BDDK Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar, 2(2), 25–48. Retrieved from http://www.bddk.gov.tr/WebSitesi/turkce/Raporlar/BDDK_Dergi/6079 makale 2.pdf

Claessens, S., & van Horen, N. (2011). Foreign banks: trends, impact and financial stability. SSRN Electronic Journal. http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1977446

Conditions for membership - European Commission. (n.d.). Retrieved April 23, 2018, from https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhoodenlargement/policy/conditions-membership_en

Das, A., & Ghosh, S. (2006). Financial deregulation and efficiency: an empirical analysis of indian banks during the post reform period. Review of Financial Economics, 15(3), 193–221. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rfe.2005.06.002

Duygun Fethi, M., & Pasiouras, F. (2010). Assessing bank efficiency and performance with operational research and artificial intelligence techniques: a survey. European Journal of Operational Research, 204(2), 189–198. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2009.08.003

Fries, S., & Taci, A. (2005). Cost efficiency of banks in transition: Evidence from 289 banks in 15 post-communist countries. Journal of Banking & Finance, 29(1), 55–81. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2004.06.016

Fukuyama, H., & Matousek, R. (2011). Efficiency of Turkish banking: Two-stage network system. variable returns to scale model. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 21(1), 75–91. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2010.08.004

George Assaf, a., Matousek, R., & Tsionas, E. G. (2013). Turkish bank efficiency: Bayesian estimation with undesirable outputs. Journal of Banking & Finance, 37(2), 506–517. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.09.009

Isik, I., & Hassan, M. K. (2002). Technical, scale and allocative efficiencies of Turkish banking industry. Journal of Banking & Finance, 26(4), 719– 766. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(01)00167-4

Isik, I., & Hassan, M. K. (2003). Financial deregulation and total factor productivity change: an empirical study of Turkish commercial banks. Journal of Banking & Finance, 27(8), 1455–1485. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(02)00288-1

Koch, T. W., & MacDonald, S. S. (2015). Bank Management (8th Edition). Cengage Learning. Retrieved from http://instructors.coursesmart.co.uk/9781133494683#extendedisbn

Mercan, M., Reisman, A., Yolalan, R., & Emel, A. B. (2003). The effect of scale and mode of ownership on the financial performance of the Turkish banking sector: Results of a dea-based analysis. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 37(3), 185–202. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0038- 0121(02)00045-9

Ozkan-Gunay, E. N., & Tektas, A. (2006). Efficiency analysis of the Turkish banking sector in precrisis and crisis period: a dea approach. Contemporary Economic Policy, 24(3), 418–431. http://doi.org/10.1093/cep/byj028

Park, K. H., & Weber, W. L. (2006). A note on efficiency and productivity growth in the Korean banking industry, 1992–2002. Journal of Banking & Finance, 30(8), 2371–2386. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2005.09.013

Sarkar, J., Sarkar, S., & Bhaumik, S. K. (1998). Does ownership always matter ?— evidence from the Indian banking industry. Journal Of Comparative Economics, 26, 262–281

Sensarma, R. (2006). Are foreign banks always the best? Comparison of stateowned, private and foreign banks in India. Economic Modelling, 23(4), 717–735. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2006.04.002

Seyrek, İ. H., & Ata, H. A. (2010). Veri zarflama analizi ve veri madenciliği ile mevduat bankalarında etkinlik ölçümü. BDDK Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar, 4(2), 67–85.

T.C. Kalkınma Bakanlığı. (2013). Onuncu Kalkınma Planı (2014-2018). Ankara. Retrieved from http://www.kalkinma.gov.tr/Lists/Kalknma Planlar/Attachments/12/Onuncu_Kalkınma_Planı.pdf

Taşkın, F. D. (2011). Türkiye ’ de Ticari bankalann performansını etkileyen faktörler. EGE Akademik Bakış, 11(2), 289–298.

Türker Kaya, Y. (2001). Türk bankacılık sektöründe CAMELS analizi. Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu MSPD Çalışma Raporu. Retrieved from http://www.bddk.org.tr/websitesi/turkce/Raporlar/Calisma_Raporlari/12 732001-6.pdf