TÜRK BANKACILIK SEKTÖRÜ PERFORMANS ANALİZLERİ

Bu çalışma, DuPont analizi ve CAMELS derecelendirme tekniklerinden yararlanarak 2001 - 2017 yılları arasında Türk bankacılık sektörünün zayıflıklarını ve güçlü yönlerini değerlendirmektedir. Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği üyeliği hedefleri kapsamında 2001 finansal krizi sonrasında uygulanan güçlü ekonomiye geçiş programının etkileri ve sonuçları incelenerek değerlendirlmiştir. Genel olarak, 2001 ekonomik krizinden sonra uygulanan finansal iyileşme politikaları sayesinde, bankacılık sektörü güçlenerek gelişmiş ve analiz edilen birimler arasındaki performans boşluğu daralmıştır. Geleneksel oran analizlerinin ileri modellerle tutarlı olduğu bulunmuştur. Beşeri sermaye, yönetsel beceriler ve organizasyonel yapı, yüksek kalitede çıktı sağlamaktadır; ancak Donuk Alacakların(NPL) eksik sağlama(skimping) hipotezinin gösterdiği gibi, yeterli bir risk yönetim departmanına duyulan ihtiyacın devam ettiği görülmektedir. Mevduat bankaları devlet, özel ve yabancı bankalar olarak sınıflandırlmıştır. Yabancı bankaların performansı en kötüdür. Türk bankacılık sektöründeki devlete ait mevduat bankaları rakiplerinden daha iyi performans göstermektedir, ancak bu durum yabancı bankaların sistem dışına çıkmasının genel performansı artıracağı anlamına gelmemelidir. Türk bankalarının varlık kalitesi riskini ve piyasa riskini yönetmede yabancı bankalara göre daha düşük bir performans gösterdiği görülmektedir. Sağlam ve sürdürülebilir bir sistemi korumak için, özellikle aktif kalitesi ve likidite yönetimi alanlarında başarılı politikalar devam etmelidir. Ayrıca, finansal aktörler üzerinde olumsuz etkilere sahip olsa bile, denetleyici otorite şeffaflığı artırılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

CAMELS, Finansal Kriz, Risk ve Regülasyon

TURKISH BANKING SECTOR PERFORMANCE ANALYSES

This study evaluates the weaknesses and strengths of the Turkish banking sector by using the techniques of DuPont analysis and CAMELS rating from 2001 to 2017. The effects and results of the banking sector reconstruction program implemented after the 2001 financial crisis and Turkey’s attempt to become European Union member are also investigated and evaluated under the same time span. In general, due to financial recovery policies implemented after the 2001 economic crisis, the banking industry has shown improvements and has become stronger as the performance gap between the analyzed units have converged over time. Traditional ratio analyses are found to be consistent with advanced models. Human capital, managerial skills and organizational structure deliver high quality output, but it is also observed that a need for an adequate risk management department still continues as evidenced on skimping hypothesis of NPL’s. Deposit banks are clustered as state owned, privately owned and foreign banks. Foreign banks performance is the worst of all. State owned deposit banks in the Turkish banking sector are performing better than their competitors but this should not mean that crowding out foreign banks out of the system would increase overall performance. Turkish banks are observed to have a lower performance in managing asset quality and vulnerability to market risk than do foreign banks. In order to maintain a solid and sustainable system, successful policies must continue, especially in the areas of asset quality and liquidity management. Also, supervisory transparency should be increased, even if it may embrace negative effects on the financial actors.

Keywords:

CAMELS, Financial Crisis, Risk and Regulation,

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