Sistersiyen Tarikatı’nın Altın Çağı, Yapısı ve İşleyişi

Bozulan monastik yaşama bir tepki olarak kurulan Citeaux Manastırı ve adını buradan alan Sistersiyen Tarikatı en parlak dönemini XII. yüzyılda yaşamıştır. Stephan Harding ile kurumsallaşan tarikat, Clairvauxlu Bernard’ın etkileyici vaazları ile popülerliğini artırmıştır. İlk kurulan manastır Citeaux’dur ve onu peşi sıra yeni manastırların takip ettiği bilinmektedir. Aziz Bernard zamanındaise tarikatın uluslararası meselelerde rol oynamaya başladığı görülmektedir. Benedikten kurallarına sıkı sıkıya bağlı olan tarikat din adamlarının zengin bir hayat sürmesine karşı olduğu için, “İsa kadar fakir olma”yı benimsemiştir. Bu sebeple tarikat üyeleri hayatlarını idame ettirmek için tarlalarda, bahçelerde, değirmenlerde çalışmaktaydılar. Ağır işlerde çalışan keşişler, manastır yaşamının ayrılmaz parçası olan ruhani ibadetlerle de meşgul olmaktaydılar. Tarikat fertlerinin görev ve sorumlulukları, beslenme şekilleri, ibadet ve ayin yükümlülükleri hazırlanan tüzükler ile belirlenmekteydi. Bilimsel ilke ve değerler göz önüne alınarak hazırlanan bu çalışma, tarikatın “altın çağı” olarak bilinen erken tarihine odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmamızın amacı XII. yüzyılda, manastır yaşamında önemli rol oynayan Sistersiyen Tarikatı’nın tarihini ve iç işleyişini anlatmak ve buradan manastır hayatına bir göz atmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sistersiyen Tarikatı, Aziz Bernard, Altın Çağ, Stephan Harding, Monestik Yaşam

The Golden Age, Structure and Operation of the Cistercian Religious Order

The Citeaux Monastery, which was established as a reaction to the deteriorated monastic life, and the Cistercian Religious Order, which took its name from here, had its heyday in XII. Century lived. Institutionalized by Stephan Harding, the order increased its popularity with the impressive sermons of Bernard of Clairvaux. The first monastery to be established was Citeaux and it is known that new monasteries followed it. By the time of St. Bernard, it is seen that the order began to play a role in international affairs. Adhering to the Benedictine precepts, the religiousorder embraced “being as poor as Jesus” because it was against the rich life of the clergy. For this reason, the members of the sect were working in the fields, gardens and mills to maintain their lives. The monks, who worked in hard labour, were also busy with spiritual worship, which was an inseparable part of monastic life. The duties and responsibilities of the members of the order, their diet, and worship and ritual obligations were determined by the bylaws. Considering scientific principles and values, this study focuses on the early history of order, known as the “golden age”. The aim is to tell the history and inner workings of the Cistercian Religious Order, which played an important role in the monastic life of the XII century, and to take a look at the monastic life from here.

Keywords:

Cistercian Religious Order, Saint Bernard, Golden Age, Stephan Harding, Monastic Life,

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