Microfluidics is the field of handling small volume offluids and/or manipulating micron-size and submicron-sizeparticles in a microchannel. Microfluidic devices require onlysmall amounts of samples and can run the process in a shortperiod of time. These features have made Microfluidics apowerful technique in lab-on-chip and biomedical applications.These microsystems play important roles in tissue engineering,drug screening, determining the point-of-care diagnoses, andalso generating clinically relevant tumor microenvironment forcancer studies. The current paper focuses on the studiesconducted on transportation of fluids and particles in smallscale systems. It will also introduce the latest developments ofthe microfluidic components and will provide severalbiomedical applications of such devices.