Beytülmakdis’teki Osmanlı Medreseleri ve Eğitim Sürecindeki Rolü (1874-2019)

Ottoman Schools and their role in the educational process in Bayt al-Maqdis (1874-2019)

: Bayt al-Maqdis is considered one of the most important cities in being given high priority by the Ottoman Empire with the beginning of the Ottoman organisational and administrative reforms. The municipal council was formed after the capital Istanbul had been formed, which clearly shows the great status of the city and the extent of the interest it received from the Ottoman Empire, which declared the city and its subdivision an independent Mutessarifat in 1874, to be administratively linked with the capital Istanbul directly. This interest was also reflected in the establishment of a number of modern schools, which included various primary, elementary and secondary stages, through which they tried to reform the educational reality in the city, which witnessed great competition between the European countries that sponsored Christian churches and the Zionist movement, and were working to attract students for missionary and ideological purposes. The Ottoman government’s schools and private schools that existed during the Ottoman rule contributed to the dissemination of knowledge in the city and had a major role in making the city at the forefront of Palestinian cities in terms of the number of schools and the number of students. These schools remained functioning until 1917 - the date of the fall of the city to the British occupation that had tried to empty the city of its population to facilitate its delivery to the Zionist movement, making schools at the forefront of its target list. The aim of this study is to introduce these schools that have survived to the present day in terms of their establishment and development and to highlight the role these schools play in the educational and cultural processes of the city by reference to various historical sources and Ottoman records and archives of these schools. This will lead to a greatest understanding of the scientific, cultural and educational impact that these schools have had since the date of their establishment to the present day.

Keywords:

Ottoman Empire, Education, Bayt al-Maqdis, British occupation Zionist Occupation,

PDF

___

Shulsh. A. Tahawulat Jazriyah fi Filistin 1856-1882. Amman: Manshurat al-Jamia al-Urduniyah, 1988.
Al-Najar, J. al-Idarah al-Uthmaniyah fi Wilayat Bagdad min ahd al-Wali Midhat Pasha ila Nihayat al-Hukm al-Uthmani 1869-1917. Cairo: Matbat Madbuli, 1991.
Darwaza, M. I. Khamsa wa-Tisun ama fi al-Haya muzakirat wa-Tasjilat. Al-Quds: al-Multaqa al-Fikri al-Arabi, 1993.
Awad, A. al-Idarah al-Uthmaniyah fi Wilayat Suriyah 1864-1914. Cairo: Dar al-Marif, 1969.
Nawfal, N. al-Dustur. Beirut: al-Matba al-Adabiyah, 1883.
Al-Tamimi, Bahjat. Wilayat Bayrut. Beirut: Matbat Iqbal, 1914.
Al-Qudah, A.H. Nasara al-Quds Dirasah fi Daw’ al-Watha’iq al-Uthmaniya. Beirut: Markaz Dirasat al-Wihdah al-Arabiyah, 2007.
Salname al-Maarif 1318AH. Istanbul: Dar Sadet, 1900.
Salname Dawlah Aliyah. Istanbul: Dar Sadet, 1880, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1898.
Sijilat al-Mahkamah al-Shariyah, al-Quds. Jerusalem: al-Mahkamah al-Shariyah.
Al-Mawsuah al-Filistiniyah (Encyclopaedia of Palestine), Damascus, 1984.
Rafiq, Abdulkarim. Filistin fi Ahd ak-Uthmaniyin 1700-1918. Beirut: Mu’asast al-Dirasat al-Filistiniyah, 1999.
Al-Hakeem, Yusuf. Suriyah wal-Ahd al-Uthmani. Beirut: al-Matba’ al-Kathulikiyah, 1966.
Jareedat Filistin (Palestine Newspaper), vol. 66 Yaffa, September 1911; vol. 236, Yaffa, May 1913.
Al-Arif, Arif Pasha. Al-Mufasal fi Tarikh al-Quds. Cairo: Dar al-Marif.
Al-Dabagh, M.M. Biladuna Filistin. Kafr Qar’: Dar al-Huda, 1991.
Salih, Muhsin et al. Dirasat fi al-Turath al-Thaqafi li-Madinat al-Quds. Beirut: Markaz al-Zaytunah, 2010.
Mu’asasat Ihya’ al-Turath al-Islami, al-Quds, Nashrah Tarififiyah fi al-Madrasah, 1913.
Qawasmi, Hanadi. Ma’rakat al-Minhaj fi al-Quds. Metras: https://metras.co/معركة-المنهاج-في-القدس-تسلسلٌ-تاريخيّ
Interview (Muqabalah Shakhsiyah), Dima al-Samman, Wizarat al-Tarbiyah wal-Talim, Wihdat al-Quds, 8/8/2019.
Majalat al-Rashid, vol.1, 2002.
Kurd Ali, Muhammad. Khutat al-Sham. Damascus: Maktabat al-Nuri.
Yusuf, Hamad Abdallah. Min Aatharina al-Arabiyah wal-Islamiyah fi Bayt al-Maqdis. Ramallah: Wizarat al-Ilam, 2010.
Majalat al-Quds fi al-Uyun. 2008.