Some Aspects of the Etymology, Ontology and Genesis of the Methodologies of Historical Cognition

The problems of the methodology of historic cognition have always been related to the most difficult and simultaneously the most interesting themes for historians and philosophers. The current period of the historic cognition development has been recognized by scholars as the epoch of crisis, the reason of which is the fallibility in the epistemological foundations of the two doctrines, which until now have determined the theoretical understanding of the historical process - positivism and historical materialism. And in order to overcome the crisis the historians need to make the search of new methodologies and methods of historical cognition more actively. In this paper the etymology, ontology and genesis of the main methodological approaches in historical cognition are researched on the basis of the analysis of the work of the historians, philosophers, social anthropologists, and others. Relatively to some important methodological problems, the author describes out her own vision and makes the conclusion that the anthropological approach is the latest methodological approach to the cognition of history. It does not go beyond the outlet of the old scientific paradigm, so it can not provide the principle of historicism of exit out of the state of crisis. And she drews attention to the fact Here is caution required that philosophers and historians focus on the problems of time, including historical, whereas paying little attention to the problems of space. In this plane, basing on interdisciplinism, as the author supposes, there have to appear a new discovery of the world importance, which will change the old paradigm of science in general, and historical in particular. At the same time, the author warns against haste in the matter of changing the world-view principle of anthropocentrism to anthropomorphism, in the way as some modern physicists are appeal to.

Keywords:

history, philosophy, methodology, paradigm, historicism, positivism, thinking historical thinking,

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