TEKNOLOJİ TABANLI GİRİŞİMCİLERİN BAŞARISINDA YAPISAL, EKONOMİK, SOSYAL, KÜLTÜREL VE BEŞERİ SERMAYENİN ETKİLERİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Bilgi toplumuna dönüşüm ile birlikte yenilik, ihracat ve istihdam kaynağı olan teknoloji tabanlı girişimciliğin önemi giderek artmıştır. Böylelikle girişimcilik ülkelerin rekabet ve kalkınma yaklaşımlarında kullandıkları en önemli politika nesnelerinden birisi haline gelmiştir. Bu yüzden yenilikçi girişimciliğin başarısı için gerek kamu gerekse akademik alanda çeşitli çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın temel sorunsalını girişimcilerin başarılarında etkili olan sermaye türleri oluşturmaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışmada girişimcinin sermayesi olarak kavramsallaştırılan ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel ve beşeri sermaye ile girişimcilerin faaliyet gösterdikleri ekosistemin özelliklerini içeren yapısal sermayenin etkisi incelenmiştir. Anket ile toplanan veriler probit regresyon ile modellenmiş ve marjin analiz ile değerlendirişmiştir. Yapılan analizlerde girişimcilerin annelerinin çalışmasının, ailede başarılı girişimcilerin, çalışma tecrübesinin, işleri kolaylaştıran bir iş çevresinin ve ortağının olmasının girişimci başarısını pozitif yönde etkilediği; diğer taraftan okul öncesi eğitimin, ailenin girişimcilik sürecinde maddi desteğinin, işleri kolaylaştıran siyasi çevre ve diğer girişimcilere güvenin girişimciliği negatif yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçta yenilikçi girişimciliğin sanayi tipi girişimcilikten farklılaştığı ve bu bağlamda girşimciliği desteklemeye yönelik politikaların ekonomik parametreler kadar sosyal ve kültürel parametreleri de dikkate alması gerekliliği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Girişimcilik; yapısal, ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel ve beşeri sermaye, kültürel ve beşeri sermaye

THE EFFECTS OF STRUCTURAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, CULTURAL CAPITALS AND HUMAN CAPITAL ON THE SUCCESS OF TECHNOLOGY-BASED ENTERPRENEURS: THE TURKISH CASE

With the transformation to the information society, technology-based entrepreneurship, which is a source of innovation, exports, and employment, is becoming increasingly important. Thus, entrepreneurship has become one of the most important policy subjects that countries focus on in their approaches to competition and development. As such, various studies on innovative entrepreneurship have been conducted both in the public and academic domains. In this context, the main focus of this study is the types of capital that influence the success of entrepreneurs. This study examined the influence of economic, social, cultural, and human capital conceptualized as “entrepreneur capital”. This was executed in conjunction with exploring the influence of structural capital covering the characteristics of the ecosystem in which entrepreneurs situate and operate. Data were collected via a questionnaire, modeled by probit regression, and evaluated by margin analysis. Results suggest that having a working mother, successful entrepreneurs in the family, work experience, an effective work environment, and a business partner all have a positive effect on the success of the entrepreneur. On the other hand, pre-school education, financial support of family, an effective political environment, and trust in other entrepreneurs all have a negative effect on the success of entrepreneurs. Lastly, it is seen that innovative entrepreneurship has been differentiated from industrial entrepreneurship. In this vein, policies designed to support entrepreneurship need to take social and cultural parameters into account as well as economic parameters.

Keywords:

Entrepreneurship, Information Society, Technology, Types of Capital,

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